This study plans to enroll 132 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Patients will be randomly divided into a control group (conventional tracheal intubation) and an experimental group (endoscopy-assisted tracheal intubation). Patients meeting the inclusion criteria and not falling under the exclusion criteria will be invited to participate in the study. Upon providing voluntary consent, the research physician will arrange for the patient's inclusion in the study. After signing the informed consent form, the research physician will collect the patient's basic information, medical history, and other details, followed by timing the preoperative preparation period and evaluating postoperative discomfort

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at Ningbo University Affiliated First Hospital from December 2024 to December 2026.
• Aged between 18 and 75 years.
• Patients who voluntarily agree to participate in the study and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals under 18 years of age.
• Patients unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
• Patients with severe chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, or those who have required hospitalization for coronary or cerebrovascular events or radiotherapy within the past 3 months.
• Patients with severe abdominal symptoms such as severe pain, bloating, or nausea.
• Patients with inadequate preoperative preparation.
• Individuals requiring lifelong anticoagulant therapy, those with severe bleeding disorders, or those who have recently taken anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.