Respiratory and Pelvic Floor Muscle Functions of Children With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Investigation of Physical Activity Levels, Respiratory and Pelvic Floor Muscle Functions of School-Age Children With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) are disorders that can occur in the storage and voiding stages of bladder function other than neurological disease or lower urinary tract obstruction. Storage symptoms are increased or decreased voiding frequency, urinary incontinence, urgency and nocturia, while voiding symptoms are classified as hesitation, straining, weak stream and intermittent voiding. Other symptoms are holding maneuvers, feeling of incomplete voiding, post-voiding dripping, genital and lower urinary tract pain. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of LUTD is high in school-aged children, with rates as high as 22%. Very little is known about pelvic floor muscle training in children. Relaxation in the pelvic floor muscles is very important for the continuity of micturition and defecation functions. Respiratory function is one of the key elements in the relaxation of the pelvic floor. The relationship of the pelvic floor muscles with the diaphragm and their role in intra-abdominal pressure regulation have been demonstrated by many studies. In the adult population, it has been emphasized that the respiratory pattern should be corrected in pelvic floor dysfunctions and pelvic floor muscle training should be provided in those with respiratory problems. In the literature, rehabilitation programs for children with LUTD are treatment approaches in which respiratory and pelvic floor muscle training are applied together, but it has not been clearly stated which isolated approach is responsible for the resulting effect. In addition, these studies have emphasized that diaphragmatic exercises reduce or improve symptoms through the relaxation mechanism they create in the abdominal wall. However, unlike the literature, one of the aims of this study is to reveal the relationship between inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength and LUTD.

Inclusion Criteria in LUTD group:

• Diagnosed with LUTD,
• Nighttime enuresis at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months.
• Daytime enuresis at least once a month for at least 3 consecutive months.
• Girls aged 6-14,
• who consent to participate in the study with the consent of their mother and father or legal guardian (legal representative) will be included in the study.

Inclusion Criteria for healthy individuals in the study:

• Girls aged 6-14,
• who consent to participate in the study with the consent of their mother and father or legal guardian (legal representative) will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children under 6 years of age,
• Anatomical changes in the urinary system,
• Spina bifida,
• History of active urinary tract infection,
• Neurological disease,
• An accompanying respiratory system disease (asthma and a history of frequent upper respiratory tract infections),
• Cognitive impairment,
• Mental retardation,
• Chronic kidney disease,
• Who have previously undergone orthopedic surgery will not be included in the study.