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Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are the standard of care for treating selected patients with acute large-vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). Successful revascularization is strongly correlated with favorable outcomes. Nevertheless, recanalization failure with stent retrieval and contact aspiration has been observed in up to 29% of patients. If primary thrombectomy fails to achieve recanalization, rescue stenting (RS) has proven to be a feasible rescue therapy. Currently, approved evidence-based alternatives for LVOS patients who have failed MT are lacking, but permanent stenting is suggested as a rescue treatment in expert consensus statements.
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), typically consisting of clopidogrel and aspirin, is recommended after stent implantation to reduce the risk of stent thrombosis; however, these medications are not suitable in the acute setting, and optimal platelet inhibition strategies remain unclear. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors have intravenous administration, a rapid onset of action, and their effects subside within a few hours after discontinuation. For these reasons, an increasing number of studies have investigated their use in conjunction with primary stenting for acute stroke. Currently, there is no evidence supporting the superiority of any particular antithrombotic strategy, so decisions are guided by clinical judgment.
An additional challenge for clinicians arises when IVT is combined with stenting. Stroke guidelines recommend starting antiplatelets 24 hours after IVT and the risk associated with antithrombotic therapy within the first 24 hours after IVT remains uncertain.
This is multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with LVOS undergoing mechanical thrombectomy and rescue stenting. The aim of this study is to evaluate real-world antithrombotic strategies in emergency stenting, particularly in patients treated with IVT, and to assess the safety of emergent stenting following intravenous thrombolysis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke undergoing rescue stenting |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage | Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) was defined as a worsening in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≥4 points within 24 hours with evidence of any hemorrhage on follow-up neuroimaging. | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | mRS, a 6-level, clinician-reported, measure of global disability, with 0 being no symptoms and 6 being death. mRS is dichotomized where good functional outcome is a score 0 - 2 and poor functional outcome 3-6. | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of Stent Thrombosis | Acute stent thrombosis | 24 hours |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All consecutive patients with acute large vessel occlusion strokes undergoing rescue stenting in participating hospitals.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elena Ballabio, Medical Doctor | Contact | +393470772687 | elena.ballabio@asst-santipaolocarlo.it | |
| Luca Valvassori, MD | Contact | +393395947715 | luca.valvassori@asst-santipaolocarlo.it |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Elena Ballabio, MD | ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo | Principal Investigator |
| Luca Valvassori, MD | ASST Santi Paolo carlo | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII | Recruiting | Bergamo | Italy | 24127 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31662037 | Result | Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, Biller J, Brown M, Demaerschalk BM, Hoh B, Jauch EC, Kidwell CS, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Ovbiagele B, Scott PA, Sheth KN, Southerland AM, Summers DV, Tirschwell DL. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-e418. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000211. Epub 2019 Oct 30. | |
| 33817340 |
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IPD used in the results publication
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Ospedale Bufalini | Recruiting | Cesena | Italy | 47023 | Italy |
|
| Azienda Sanitaria Lecce - Ospedale "Vito Fazzi" | Recruiting | Lecce | Italy | 73100 | Italy |
|
| ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo | Recruiting | Milan | Italy | 20153 | Italy |
|
| ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda | Recruiting | Milan | Italy | 20162 | Italy |
|
| Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori | Recruiting | Monza | Italy | 20900 | Italy |
|
| ASL 2 Savonese - Ospedale Santa Corona | Recruiting | Pietra Ligure | Italy | 17100 | Italy |
|
| Result |
| Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H, De Marchis GM, Fonseca AC, Padiglioni C, de la Ossa NP, Strbian D, Tsivgoulis G, Turc G. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Mar;6(1):I-LXII. doi: 10.1177/2396987321989865. Epub 2021 Feb 19. |
| 25387730 | Result | Heck DV, Brown MD. Carotid stenting and intracranial thrombectomy for treatment of acute stroke due to tandem occlusions with aggressive antiplatelet therapy may be associated with a high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015 Mar;7(3):170-5. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011224. Epub 2014 Nov 11. |
| 33793319 | Result | Baek BH, Yoon W, Lee YY, Kim SK, Kim JT, Park MS. Intravenous Tirofiban Infusion After Angioplasty and Stenting in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Stroke. Stroke. 2021 May;52(5):1601-1608. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033551. Epub 2021 Apr 1. |
| 29281734 | Result | Lee JI, Gliem M, Gerdes G, Turowski B, Kaschner M, Kraus B, Hartung HP, Jander S. Safety of bridging antiplatelet therapy with the gpIIb-IIIa inhibitor tirofiban after emergency stenting in stroke. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 27;12(12):e0190218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190218. eCollection 2017. |
| 32807436 | Result | Osteraas ND, Crowley RW, Panos N, Dafer RM. Eptifibatide use following emergent carotid stenting in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Sep;29(9):105021. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105021. Epub 2020 Jun 17. |
| 33310073 | Result | Delvoye F, Maier B, Escalard S, Labreuche J, Thion LA, Aknouche S, Hebert S, Redjem H, Smajda S, Ciccio G, Allard J, Sabben C, Obadia M, Maertens de Noordhout A, Olivot JM, Blanc R, Piotin M, Desilles JP, Mazighi M. Antiplatelet Therapy During Emergent Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: Comparison of Three Intravenous Antiplatelet Perioperative Strategies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Feb;30(2):105521. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105521. Epub 2020 Dec 9. |
| 35598721 | Result | Naylor R, Rantner B, Ancetti S, de Borst GJ, De Carlo M, Halliday A, Kakkos SK, Markus HS, McCabe DJH, Sillesen H, van den Berg JC, Vega de Ceniga M, Venermo MA, Vermassen FEG, Esvs Guidelines Committee, Antoniou GA, Bastos Goncalves F, Bjorck M, Chakfe N, Coscas R, Dias NV, Dick F, Hinchliffe RJ, Kolh P, Koncar IB, Lindholt JS, Mees BME, Resch TA, Trimarchi S, Tulamo R, Twine CP, Wanhainen A, Document Reviewers, Bellmunt-Montoya S, Bulbulia R, Darling RC 3rd, Eckstein HH, Giannoukas A, Koelemay MJW, Lindstrom D, Schermerhorn M, Stone DH. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2023 Jan;65(1):7-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.04.011. Epub 2022 May 20. No abstract available. |
| 36082254 | Result | Psychogios M, Brehm A, Lopez-Cancio E, Marco De Marchis G, Meseguer E, Katsanos AH, Kremer C, Sporns P, Zedde M, Kobayashi A, Caroff J, Bos D, Lemeret S, Lal A, Arenillas JF. European Stroke Organisation guidelines on treatment of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Eur Stroke J. 2022 Sep;7(3):III-IV. doi: 10.1177/23969873221099715. Epub 2022 Jun 3. |
| 30808653 | Result | Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U, Khatri P, Lobotesis K, Mazighi M, Schellinger PD, Toni D, de Vries J, White P, Fiehler J. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) - European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Aug;15(8):e8. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014569. Epub 2019 Feb 26. |
| 26898852 | Result | Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, Davalos A, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, de Miquel MA, Donnan GA, Roos YB, Bonafe A, Jahan R, Diener HC, van den Berg LA, Levy EI, Berkhemer OA, Pereira VM, Rempel J, Millan M, Davis SM, Roy D, Thornton J, Roman LS, Ribo M, Beumer D, Stouch B, Brown S, Campbell BC, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Hill MD, Jovin TG; HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Apr 23;387(10029):1723-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X. Epub 2016 Feb 18. |
| 35115395 | Result | Turc G, Tsivgoulis G, Audebert HJ, Boogaarts H, Bhogal P, De Marchis GM, Fonseca AC, Khatri P, Mazighi M, Perez de la Ossa N, Schellinger PD, Strbian D, Toni D, White P, Whiteley W, Zini A, van Zwam W, Fiehler J. European Stroke Organisation (ESO)-European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) expedited recommendation on indication for intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg. 2022 Mar;14(3):209. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018589. Epub 2022 Feb 3. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |