1. Abdominal hollowing exercise:

   Woman was in crook lying position with feet flat on the treatment table. The therapist put his two thumbs on the anterior superior iliac spines then, asked the woman to contract the abdominal muscle, hold the contraction for 10 seconds, then, asked her to relax for 10 seconds [29].

2. Quadruped abdominal hollowing exercise:

   Woman was in a quadruped position on the treatment plinth with her hips, knees and shoulders flexed 90 degrees, the spine parallal to the table. The woman instructed to inhale allowing her abdomen to drop, as she exhale, she was pulling her abdominal toward her spine without moving her spine with holding for 10 seconds while maintaining her normal breathing patterns. Then asked the woman to relax for 10 seconds [29].

3. Bilateral knee raise exercise:

Woman was in crook lying position .She instructed to contract her lower abdomen while continuing to breathe in a normally. While maintaining the contraction

The woman assumed a full squat position on a vibration platform. The apparatus was set at a frequency of 30 Hz, amplitude of 2 mm, and duration of 5 min. The women were instructed to remain in the squatting position with holding hand rail after turning on the vibration and to report any discomfort that might arise. At the end of 5 min, the vibration turned off automatically. Thereafter, the women took a 1-min rest. They were then asked to stand on the vibration platform for 5 min, with the same parameters as those used in the squatting position. Thus, the total time for the application of WBV in each session was 10 min

Woman was in crook lying position with feet flat on the treatment table. The therapist put his two thumbs on the anterior superior iliac spines then, asked the woman to contract the abdominal muscle, hold the contraction for 10 seconds, then, asked her to relax for 10 seconds

Vitamin D concentration was less than 12ng/ml

parathyroid hormone were measured pre- and post-two months intervention