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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 304/PPSP/6315752 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if group acceptance and commitment therapy works to improve depressive symptoms, psychological flexibility and quality of life in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare group ACT group to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group to see if group ACT works to improve depressive symptoms, quality of life and psychological flexibility.
Participants will:
General Objectives To study the effectiveness of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of depression among depressive patients in Kelantan.
Specific Objectives
This quasi-experimental study used a two-group design, comparing group ACT with TAU at baseline, post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. Conducted at the Psychiatry Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, from June 2022 to May 2024, the study included 44 participants with mild to moderate depression. Twenty-two participants allocated in the ACT group received weekly group ACT sessions over four weeks, while twenty-two participants were assigned to the TAU group. Outcomes were measured using the Malay versions of the Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI), WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) at baseline, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Data was analyzed using two-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) to assess changes in these outcomes across the different time points.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group ACT | Experimental | Participants of this arm underwent 4 weeks of weekly session of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). |
|
| Treatment-as-usual (TAU) group | Active Comparator | The participants in this group received standard treatment for major depressive disorder |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) | Behavioral | The ACT intervention module utilized in this study was adapted from Hayes foundational work on ACT and Harris. A summary of the general contents and exercises in each week was in accordance with the 6 core processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based on Hayes. It was conducted in the Malay language. The same workbook with guided exercise and homework were used by all the therapists to assure standardization of the intervention to ensure that each group received similar contents in each session. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | The outcome was measured by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks |
| Quality of life | The outcome was measured by using brief WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire (Malay version) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks |
| Psychological flexibility | The outcome was measured using Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II Malay Version (AAQ-II) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms (3 months) | It was measured using BDI at 3 months post-intervention | 3 months post intervention |
| Quality of life (3 months) | It was measured using WHOQOL at 3 months post-intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia | Kota Bharu | Kelantan | 16150 | Malaysia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39097004 | Background | Rong J, Cheng P, Li D, Wang X, Zhao D. Global, regional, and national temporal trends in prevalence for depressive disorders in older adults, 1990-2019: An age-period-cohort analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019. Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Sep;100:102443. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102443. Epub 2024 Aug 7. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003865 | Depressive Disorder, Major |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Participants in the ACT group attended four sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy over a four-week period with each session lasting around 90-120 minutes. The participants were divided into three subgroups, each of which included approximately 6 to 8 participants. Prior to the intervention, participants in the ACT group received a workbook which consists of information about ACT in summary. Participants in the ACT group had accessibility to the same care similar to the TAU group. Four sessions were held for each subgroup respectively which was conducted by at least two therapists trained in ACT. The ACT module was adapted from Hayes and Harris and were conducted in the Malay language. The same workbook with guided exercise and homework were used by all the therapists to assure standardization of the intervention to ensure that each group received similar contents in each session.
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| Treatment as usual | Other | Standard care and follow-up for major depressive disorder |
|
| 3 months post intervention |
| Psychological flexibility (3 months) | It was measured using AAQ-II at 3 months post-intervention | 3 months post intervention |
| D001519 |
| Behavior |