The application was performed using 5 cm x 5 m kinesio tape material. After preparing the standing patient in terms of clothing and skin readiness, the patient was asked to lean forward. To adhere the tape to the right paravertebral region, the lower end of the tape was first adhered 7 cm below the sacroiliac joint at the level of the paravertebral muscles. Then, while the patient was leaning forward, a slight rotation to the left was requested, and in this position, the tape was adhered upwards along the paravertebral muscles without any tension. When applying the tape to the left paravertebral region, the same procedure was mirrored as on the right, with the tape again applied without any tension. The third tape was applied while the patient was standing upright and leaning slightly forward, placed over the sacroiliac joints and parallel to the floor, stretching the tape by 25%.

Sham Kinesio taping was applied to the patients in the control group. In this sham protocol, Kinesio bands were attached between the 12th rib on both sides and the corresponding sacroiliac joint, passing over the paravertebral muscles without employing any specific banding technique. The third tape was adhered between both sacroiliac joints, also without any adhesive technique. Patients were inquired about any discomfort and informed that the tapes would remain in place until the second session.

The application was performed using 5 cm x 5 m kinesio tape material. After preparing the standing patient in terms of clothing and skin readiness, the patient was asked to lean forward. To adhere the tape to the right paravertebral region, the lower end of the tape was first adhered 7 cm below the sacroiliac joint at the level of the paravertebral muscles. Then, while the patient was leaning forward, a slight rotation to the left was requested, and in this position, the tape was adhered upwards along the paravertebral muscles without any tension. When applying the tape to the left paravertebral region, the same procedure was mirrored as on the right, with the tape again applied without any tension. The third tape was applied while the patient was standing upright and leaning slightly forward, placed over the sacroiliac joints and parallel to the floor, stretching the tape by 25%.

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been widely used in numerous studies to assess the intensity of pain and is considered a reliable and valid tool. It measures subjectively perceived pain on a scale resembling a 0-10 cm ruler, with one end representing no pain and the other indicating the most severe pain.

The sleep quality scale, developed by Buysse et al., had its Turkish reliability and validity study conducted by Agargün et al. (1996) This scale assesses an individual's sleep quality over the past month and includes 24 items. Of these, 19 are self-reported questions answered by the individual, and five are answered by a roommate or spouse.