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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Alexander von Humboldt Association | OTHER |
| Stanford Center for Digital Health | UNKNOWN |
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Stigma towards people with addiction is a well-documented problem that negatively impacts help-seeking, treatment and recovery. Social contact with people recovering from addiction can promote empathy and reduce stigma, but social contact is difficult to scale. Short, animated storytelling (SAS) is a novel health communication approach that scales easily because it can leapfrog barriers associated with language, culture, literacy and education levels. This study will investigate if a SAS video intervention can be used to reduce stigma, boost optimism and hope, and increasing empathy towards people with addiction. The study will also explore mechanisms of action of SAS interventions, by measuring the contribution of sound design to the effect of the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAS video full intervention group | Experimental | Participants view the full SAS video intervention with sound on Day 1. |
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| SAS video partial intervention (without sound) | Experimental | Participants view the partial SAS video intervention without sound on Day 1. |
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| Active Control Group | No Intervention | Participants read written information about addiction prevalence |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAS video | Other | The intervention is a short, animated storytelling video, with soundtrack, aimed at reducing addiction stigma. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Addiction Stigma Scale Score as measured by the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ) | Participants complete an 18-item shortened version of the validated AQ. The AQ-18 will be scored along a 9-point Likert scale indicating the extent to which participants agree with the item ranging from "not at all" to "very much" with a maximum score of 27 for each 3-item construct. Higher scores indicate greater stigma. | Immediately post-intervention on Day 1 and after two weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Optimism Scale Score | Participants complete the Brief GarcÃa's Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G). The BIOS-G is an instrument designed to assess an individual's level of general optimism towards their life and other people. The scale includes 4 statements for which respondents indicate their level of agreement from 1 ("Of course not") to 4 ("Yes, of course"). Higher scores indicate a greater level of optimism. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Maya Adam, MD, PhD | Stanford University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University | Stanford | California | 95305 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40324168 | Derived | Adam M, Klapow M, Greuel M, Seeff M, Rohr JK, Gordon A, Amsalem D, Barnighausen T. Short, Animated Storytelling Video to Reduce Addiction Stigma in 13,500 Participants Across Multiple Countries Through an Online Approach: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 May 5;14:e73382. doi: 10.2196/73382. |
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All data will be made available via the Stanford Medicine Research Repository.
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| Immediately post-intervention on Day 1 and after two weeks |
| Change in Attitude Thermometer Score | Participants will indicate their warmth towards subject using a self-report stigma thermometer. Using a scale scores from zero to 100, with higher scores indicating more empathy or more favorable attitudes. | Immediately post-intervention on Day 1 and after two weeks |
| Change in Levels of Hope using a visual analogue scale (VAS) | Participants self-report levels of hope using a VAS, a longstanding, validated tool for assessing related constructs of stress and subjective well-being. The scale goes from zero to 100 and higher scores indicate higher levels of hope. | Immediately post-intervention on Day 1 and after two weeks |