The federal research award entitles "Long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment to improve HIV treatment among justice-involved persons being released to the community" aims to Conduct interviews with justice and treatment experienced PWH (n=20), and carceral and community key stakeholders (n=20), to obtain guidance on the development and implementation of a protocol to transition PWH with viral suppression on oral ART to LAI ART in prison with continuation during community re-entry; develop an initial LAI ART community re-entry protocol based on Aim 1 findings and conduct an open label pilot study. Post-release follow up will occur for three months among 20-30 incarcerated PWH eligible for LAI ART who are near release from prison in order to optimize protocol procedures including participant recruitment, initiation of LAI ART in prison, transition of LAI ART to community providers, and to pilot study retention methods and assessments, including post-release HIV viral loads and urine drug testing, during the follow-up period.

R34-funded mixed methods study that will develop and pilot test an LAI ART protocol designed specifically for PWH who are experiencing community re-entry

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1) ≥18 years of age; 2) English speaking; 3) HIV positive (confirmed by medical record review); 4) receiving oral ART; 5) documentation of HIV viral suppression (< 50 copies/mL) on oral ART within 12 weeks of recruitment; 5) eligible to transition from oral ART to injectable CAB/RPV based upon medical record review and pre-treatment evaluation; 6) willing to transition ART to injectable CAB/RPV; 7) anticipated release from MDPSCS facility within 12 weeks; 8) anticipated release to Baltimore City; 9) willing to receive post-release CAB/RPV injections at community-based sites; and 10) able to provide informed consent for study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Persons who are currently prescribed injectable CAB/RPV within MDPSCS will not be eligible for study enrollment, however, we do not anticipate use of injectable CAB/RPV will be common in this population during the conduct of this study given slow roll out in the community to date and no experience within carceral facilities. Potential participants unable to provide informed consent, including people with severe mental illness (e.g., untreated psychosis, bipolar disorder with mania; adequately treated psychiatric disorders and appropriate psychotropic medications will be allowed) requiring immediate treatment or with mental illness limiting their ability to participate (e.g., dementia), will be excluded.

Participants will be recruited from participating carceral settings through direct referral from carceral HIV providers. We will plan to enroll women and men for the open label pilot study to ensure we gain experience with recruitment from facilities for both women and men. In addition, recruitment of women study participants at this stage will be important given additional eligibility requirements for women being considered for injectable CAB/RPV (pregnancy considerations following release).

Study population are vulnerable population, including people with HIV (PWH) and incarcerated individuals.