The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the intraoperative periarticular solution in reducing blood loss and minimizing transfusion requirements in patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hemiarthroplasty.

Hip fractures in the elderly represent a significant public health challenge, marked by elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. The worldwide increase in life expectancy has led to a corresponding rise in the incidence of hip fractures. Notably, increased perioperative blood loss has been identified as a critical factor that heightens the risk of complications and mortality. Consequently, contemporary research efforts have focused on addressing this pivotal issue. Various strategies have been developed, including controlled hypotensive anesthesia and the utilization of pharmacological agents aimed at reducing the perioperative blood products. The necessity for the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in mitigating blood loss has been well-established across numerous surgical specialties. This study is motivated by the need for an effective and safe approach to perioperative blood salvage. To date, there appears to be a lack of research examining the effectiveness of the intraoperative periarticular injection technique (100 mL periarticular solution comprising 200 mg of bupivacaine (40 mL), 60 mg of ketorolac (2 mL), 8 mg of dexamethasone (2 mL), 2 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine (2 mL), and standard saline solution (54 mL). This solution was prepared in two 50 mL syringes. The first syringe containing 50 mL of the cocktail was injected into the capsule and gluteal muscles before femoral stem insertion. Following joint capsule closure, the second syringe containing 50 mL of the periarticular injection cocktail was infiltrated into the fascia lata muscle, subcutaneous tissue, and wound layers) regarding blood loss reduction. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the following questions: 1) Is intraoperative periarticular injection an effective technique for minimizing blood loss in patients with hip fractures? and 2) What proportion of the salvaged blood loss can be attributed to hidden blood loss?

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of femoral neck fracture

Exclusion Criteria:

• Anti-aggregant, anti-coagulant or anti-thrombotic therapy
• Pathological fractures, periprosthetic fractures, or revision procedures
• Intolerance or allergy to the medications utilized in the study
• Refused to participation

In the event that reviewers make such a request, participant data may be made available for sharing in the future.

During the trial, patients were kept unaware of their group assignments, ensuring they remained blinded to the study parameters. While the surgeon possessed knowledge of the group allocations, he was not directly involved in patient data analysis.