A prospective study aims to establish a multicenter clinical diagnosis and treatment database for patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). The study will analyze the characteristics of disease progression, changes in immune-inflammatory markers, immunotherapy regimens, and patient outcomes. It seeks to identify clinical indicators for the early recognition of severe AE patients, develop and validate a predictive model for severe AE, and explore effective treatment strategies to rapidly control disease progression during the acute phase of severe AE.

To develop and validate a predictive model for severe autoimmune encephalitis (AE), a prospective multicenter study will be conducted. Clinical data of hospitalized AE patients will be collected consecutively, and a multicenter integrated database will be established. This database will include information on the characteristics of disease progression, changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune-inflammatory markers, specific immunotherapy regimens, patient outcomes, and long-term prognoses. The study will analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of AE patients, identify clinical indicators for early recognition of severe AE, and develop and validate a predictive model for severe AE. Additionally, the study will evaluate the efficacy of early plasma exchange/plasma adsorption therapy and targeted immunotherapy on AE outcomes and long-term prognosis, aiming to explore effective treatment strategies for rapidly controlling disease progression in the acute phase of severe AE.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 14-80 years
• no restriction on gender
• meets the diagnostic criteria for confirmed AE, with a clearly identified pathogenic antibody
• within 3 months of AE
• patients voluntarily sign the informed consent form; if unable to express their will or sign, the consent form can be signed by a close relative on their behalf

Exclusion Criteria:

• no lumbar puncture performed for CSF antibody testing
• did not receive immunotherapy
• pre-onset modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients (all four criteria must be met): A. clinical Presentation: acute or subacute onset (<3 months) with one or more neurological or psychiatric symptoms or clinical syndromes: a. limbic system symptoms b. encephalitis syndrome c. basal ganglia and/or diencephalon/hypothalamus involvement d. psychiatric disorders. B. auxiliary tests: presence of one or more of the following findings, or associated relevant tumors: a. abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) b. neuroimaging or electrophysiological abnormalities. C. confirmatory test: positive neuronal autoantibodies. D. exclusion of other causes: a reasonable exclusion of other potential etiologies.