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The aim of the study is to determine the Comparative effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus anterior Muscle on Pain, range of Motion, and Functional ability among Female Amateur Athletes
There is an absence of extensive studies comparing the effects of reciprocal inhibition and static stretching specifically on the serratus anterior muscle among female amateur athletes. While some research exists on the general effects of these techniques, there is a gap in gender-specific studies and their application to amateur athletes. By conducting more detailed research in this area, we can better understand how these affect athletes, their pain levels, range of motion, and overall functional ability. This would provide valuable insights for designing warm-up routines and optimizing performance for female amateur athletes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal inhibition | Experimental | First Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other. |
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| Static Stretching | Experimental | After performing baseline warmup exercises, Athlete will perform 2 exercises Standing wall stretch and seated cross body stretch |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal inhibition | Other | First Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in supine or side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain scale | For measuring pain, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) will be used. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). This will be asked prior to exercise and after 6 weeks . | 6 weeks |
| Range of motion | It will be assessed using a goniometer for the shoulder before starting the exercises and after 6 weeks. | 6 weeks |
| Upper Extremity Functional Scale | It is a questionnaire related to daily activities which are asked by athletes who have upper extremity issues to check in which activity they are facing issues. | 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Areeza hamid, DPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan Sports Board | Lahore | Punjab Province | 05450 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33540119 | Background | Barcia AM, Makovicka JL; MRAB Study Group; Spenciner DB, Chamberlain AM, Jacofsky MC, Gabriel SM, Moroder P, von Rechenberg B, Sengun MZ, Tokish JM. Scapular motion in the presence of rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021 Jul;30(7):1679-1692. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Feb 2. | |
| 36719536 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052580 | Muscle Stretching Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Static stretching | Other | Subjects will perform 2 stretches
|
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| Arntz F, Markov A, Behm DG, Behrens M, Negra Y, Nakamura M, Moran J, Chaabene H. Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Muscle Strength and Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Multi-level Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023 Mar;53(3):723-745. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01806-9. Epub 2023 Jan 31. |
| 24534377 | Background | Xu X, Lin JH, McGorry RW. A regression-based 3-D shoulder rhythm. J Biomech. 2014 Mar 21;47(5):1206-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.043. Epub 2014 Jan 30. |
| 38090927 | Background | Wagner ER, Hussain ZB, Karzon AL, Warner JJP, Elhassan BT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. The Scapula: The Greater Masquerader of Shoulder Pathologies. Instr Course Lect. 2024;73:587-607. |
| 32207413 | Background | Gillani SN, Ain Q-, Rehman SU, Masood T. Effects of eccentric muscle energy technique versus static stretching exercises in the management of cervical dysfunction in upper cross syndrome: a randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Mar;70(3):394-398. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.300417. |
| 32400728 | Background | Osama M, Shakil Ur Rehman S. Effects of static stretching as compared to autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy techniques in the management of mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 May;70(5):786-790. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.9596. |
| 36874329 | Background | Jawade S, Chitale N Jr, Phansopkar P. The Effect of Reciprocal Inhibition Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Activities in Patients With Upper Trapezitis. Cureus. 2023 Feb 1;15(2):e34487. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34487. eCollection 2023 Feb. |
| 35686175 | Background | Joshi R, Poojary N. The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Posture Correction Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain Having Forward Head Posture-a Randomized Controlled Trail. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):14-21. doi: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.673. eCollection 2022 Jun. |
| 32350145 | Background | Hsu FY, Tsai KL, Lee CL, Chang WD, Chang NJ. Effects of Dynamic Stretching Combined With Static Stretching, Foam Rolling, or Vibration Rolling as a Warm-Up Exercise on Athletic Performance in Elite Table Tennis Players. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Apr 28;30(2):198-205. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0442. |
| 37803178 | Background | Zeleznik P, Jelen A, Kalc K, Behm DG, Kozinc Z. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hamstrings muscle stiffness and range of motion: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Mar;124(3):1005-1014. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05325-x. Epub 2023 Oct 6. |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |