Sleep quality was assessed using the Greek version of the PSQI questionnaire. The PSQI consists of 19 self-report questions, grouped into 7 components (subjective sense of sleep quality, awakening time, latent period, duration, usual sleep productivity, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction). The score ranges from 0 to 3, resulting in a total score ranging from 0=high sleep quality to 21=low sleep quality. A total score of > or = 5 indicates poor sleep

The healthy lifestyle and self-monitoring questionnaire consists of 26 items, which are divided into a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1=never/rarely to 4= always. A higher score indicates increased health empowerment. Specifically, the HLPCQ is designed to assess one's degree of control over daily activities such as diet, daily schedule, physical activity, socialization and pessimistic thoughts

The standardized battery Brief Intentory for Cognitive Assessment(BICA) was used to assess cognitive functions in the participants. This memory assessment tool took about 15 minutes to complete is completed and included three categories of cognitive tests: The Normal Symbol Digital Modalities Test (SDMT), which measured information processing speed, the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), which assessed verbal memory and subsequent immediate recall. Finally, the third test concerned short visuospatial memory Test Revised (BVMTR), which assessed visual memory and immediate recall. Low scores indicated cognitive dysfunctions and cognitive decline. The specific tool for memory assessment has been proposed to help practitioners identify a potential cognitive dysfunction in humans.

The STAXI questionnaire examines how individuals respond or behave when they feel angry. The Greek version of the 24-item STAXI was utilized. The items are rated on a four-point Likert-type scale (1 ¼ almost never to 4 ¼ almost always) three subscales: not expressing anger, expressing anger, controlling anger.

The State Shame and Guilt Scale is a 15-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess shame, guilt and pride in response to a specific situation. Participants rate their responses on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from "I don't feel that way at all" to "I feel very strongly that way".

The HLC scale was employed to assess participants' beliefs regarding their perceived control over their health. This 18-item scale is divided into three subscales: HLC internal, HLC external, and HLC chance (denoted as HLC-1, HLC-2, and HLC-3, respectively). The internal HLC subscale measures the extent to which an individual believes they are responsible for their own health and well-being. The HLC external subscale assesses the degree to which individuals attribute their health to external factors, such as other people or societal influences. The HLC subscale reflects beliefs that health outcomes are governed by chance or random factors beyond the individual's control. Higher scores on each subscale indicate a stronger belief in the corresponding type of control (internal, external, or chance) as a determinant of health.