Evaluation of the Effects of Passive Smoking and Parental Stress on Challenging Behaviors in Mentally Retarded Children With Urine Cotinine Levels

Evaluation of the Effects of Passive Smoking and Parental Stress on Challenging Behaviors in Mentally Retarded Children With Urine Cotinine Levels

This research was planned to determine the effect of environmental cigarette smoke exposure and parenting stress level on the severity of challenging behaviors in mentally disabled children

This research was planned to determine the effect of environmental cigarette smoke exposure and parenting stress level on the severity of challenging behaviors in mentally disabled children

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children aged 5-10 with mental disabilities
• Parents' ability to speak and understand Turkish
• Parents' willingness to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

Children who do not match the age group and do not meet the inclusion criteria