The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if eating more beef will lead to better cognition and a healthier brain in younger adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Does eating more beef lead to higher scores on cognitive tests and better quality of life?
• Does eating more beef lead to better brain function?

Researchers will compare participants in the experimental group (participants who will eat 25 ounces of beef every week during the dietary intervention) to control participants (participants who will eat 5 ounces of beef every week during the dietary intervention).

Participants will:

• Be instructed to prepare and consume ready-to-eat beef meals along with their regular diet and not eat any more beef other than what they are given
• Visit the study facilities once every week to pick up ready-to-eat beef meals; and complete a brief survey every week to track their consumption of the provided beef meals, and a dietary survey every 4 weeks
• Visit the study facilities before and after the 12-week of intervention period for researchers to study them

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of beef consumption on cognitive and brain health in healthy younger adults. Specifically, we seek to evaluate the effects of beef consumption on measures of executive function, memory, psychological well-being, and sleep quality. Additionally, we will explore the effects of increased beef consumption on measures of brain health derived from structural and functional brain imaging.

The study will consist of two groups of participants: experimental and control. Participants from both groups will take part in a 12-week dietary intervention. Throughout the intervention, participants in the experimental group will receive 5 portions of ready-to-eat lean beef in frozen packages every week; and consume 5 portions per week. Each serving of ready-to-eat beef for the experimental group will weigh 5-ounces. Participants in the control group will also receive 5 portions of ready-to-eat lean beef in frozen packages every week; and consume 5 portions per week. Each serving of ready-to-eat beef for the control group will weigh 1-ounce. Study compliance will be evaluated through weekly surveys about beef consumption.

In addition, all participants will complete pre- and post-intervention assessments:

• MRI scan, including structural and functional brain imaging
• a comprehensive questionnaire battery evaluating cognitive and psychological measures
• neuropsychological tasks
• a blood draw

Inclusion Criteria:

• Provision of signed and dated informed consent form
• Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and lifestyle considerations and availability for the duration of the study
• Males and females; Age 19-24
• Willingness to adhere to the ready-to-eat beef intervention regimen
• Lives within 75 miles of Lincoln, NE
• BMI between 18.5 and 39.9
• Not pregnant or nursing
• No history of cognitive or metabolic diseases indicated by diagnosis, including neurodegenerative disease, stroke, Type 1 and 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer
• No history of eating or anxiety disorders
• Willing to discontinue dietary supplement use throughout the duration of the study, if they are consuming supplement at the time of the registration
• No known contraindication to MRI scans as determined by the MRI screening survey questions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of medications that may affect their responses to dietary intervention, such as amphetamines, antidepressants, anti-diabetic medications, laxatives, antibiotics, statins and diuretics.
• Known intolerance or allergy to beef
• Current use of nicotine products, including vaping
• Previous use of nicotine products, including vaping, within the recent 6 months at the time of pre-screening

Study findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals such as those that follow the ICMJE's recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. The data collected in this project may be shared through public-use files, repositories or other means outside of the approved research team as a requirement of publication. All data will be identified with subject IDs only when shared. Research records such as informed consent forms, MRI Safety Screening forms, research compliance records, masterlist linking names to subject IDs will not be shared.

IPD and supporting information will be available beginning 1 year after the publication of results with no end date.

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal will be able to access the IPD and supporting information. Researchers are not restricted on the type of analyses, as long as they are methodologically sound. The statistical methods for those analyses must be approved before the researchers can gain access to the data.

For data sharing, a proposal that describes planned analyses must be submitted to the study's contact personnel for review. A data sharing agreement must be signed between the institution of the requesting researchers and the institution of the study's principal investigator.