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The goal of this pragamatic trial is to assess the impact of eco-driving assistance (EDA) system on professional bus drivers' health and well-being.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
An additional question consists in assessing the association between stress measurements and biomarkers in biological samples.
Researchers will compare the heart rate variability (HRV) and perceived stress level when participant are allocated to EDA-equipped buses and non-EDA-equipped buses
Participants will:
This pragmatic pseudo-randomized trial will allow the investigators to assess the effect of eco-driving assistance (EDA) on bus drivers' health and well-being. Each bus driver will be randomly allocated to either buses equipped with eco-driving assistance (EDA) (i.e. intervention) and buses without eco-driving assistance (EDA) (i.e. control). The research team will use the within-subject design, allowing to allocate both the intervention and the control to each participant.
Throughout the working day, each bus driver will continuously wear an ECG device (Bittium Faros) to record the HRV. At the end of each working day, participants will receive a questionnaire (i.e. end-of-service questionnaire) to fill in. If they have been allocated to at least one EDA-equipped bus during their working day, they will need to read the EDA-generated report and come back to the questionnaire to fill in additionnal questions.
To record enough data, participants will need to reach at least 5 hours driving shifts with an EDA-equipped bus and 5 hours driving shifts without EDA. When this endpoint is reached, the study is over.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| EDA | Experimental | Driving shifts with EDA-equipped buses |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Driving shifts with non-EDA-equipped buses |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Driving a bus equipped with EDA | Device | Eco-driving assistance (EDA) systems is a technology integrated into vehicles that helps drivers to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by providing real-time feedback and guidance on driving behaviors. The system typically analyzes several driving behaviours that are measured using different captors and sensors. These systems aim to reduce the overall carbon footprint of driving, leading to cost savings for the public transport company and reduced environmental impact. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate variability (HRV) | Heart rate variability (HRV) will be measured using the Bittium Faros ECG device. Participants will continuously wear the device throughout their working day and during one full non-working night, to obtain baseline value. | From enrollment in the study to at least 5 days and until the endpoint is reached (i.e. at least 5 hours driving shifts with buses equipped with EDA and 5 hours driving shifts with buses without EDA) but for a maximum duration of 14 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived stress | Perceived stress will be assessed with the validated perceived stress scale questionnaire included in the baseline questionnaire, filled at the begining of the study, once the eligibility has been confirmed. For each question participants will choose from the following alternatives: 0 = never; 1 = almost never; 2 = sometimes; 3 = fairly often, 4 = very often | 1 day at the beginning of the study, once the eligibility has been confirmed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irina Guseva Canu, Professor | Contact | +41 21 314 62 24 | irina.guseva-canu@unisante.ch | |
| Maryline Krummenacher, PhD | Contact | +41 21 314 27 37 | maryline.krummenacher@unisante.ch |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Irina Guseva Canu, Professor | Unisanté | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPF | Recruiting | Givisiez | Canton of Fribourg | 1762 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41242744 | Derived | Krummenacher M, Ghosh M, Turner MC, Guseva Canu I. Protocol for a pseudo-randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of eco-driving assistance systems on bus drivers' stress responses. Environ Health Prev Med. 2025;30:90. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.25-00259. |
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All data generated during this study will be shared with restrictive access. Data are considered as coded as long as the identity of the participants involved is preserved.
IPD will be available at the end of the project, once all the data have been collected
IPD and supporting information (containing only coded data) will be stored on the secured institutional data repository (Unisanté repository).
Access will be given upon request to the principal investigator.
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Within subject design Each participant will be allocated to both the intervention (i.e. driving shifts with EDA-equipped buses) and the control (i.e. driving shifts with non-EDA-equipped buses) conditions
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| Perceived stress | Visual analog scale (VAS) for perceived stress during their working days included in the daily end-of-service questionnaire Scale from 0 to 100, with 0 = no stress and 100 = maximal stress | From enrollment in the study to at least 5 days and until the endpoint is reached (i.e. at least 5 hours driving shifts with buses equipped with EDA and 5 hours driving shifts with buses without EDA) but for a maximum duration of 14 days |
| Perceived stress | Specific questions related to any stessful events encountered during the participant's working days included in the end-of-service questionnaire | From enrollment in the study to at least 5 days and until the endpoint is reached (i.e. at least 5 hours driving shifts with buses equipped with EDA and 5 hours driving shifts with buses without EDA) but for a maximum duration of 14 days |
| Stress biomarkers in saliva samples | Saliva auto-collection (upon acceptance only) by participants to further measure cortisone and cortisol and correlate their levels with any participant reported stressful events in the end-of-service questionnaire. | From enrollment in the study to at least 5 days and until the endpoint is reached (i.e. at least 5 hours driving shifts with buses equipped with EDA and 5 hours driving shifts with buses without EDA) but for a maximum duration of 14 days |
| Perceived stress linked with eco-driving assistance system generated report | When allocated to the intervention (i.e. driving shifts with buses with eco-driving assistance), participants will need to read the EDA-generated report and answer few additional questions included the end-of-service questionnaire, including a visual analog scale (VAS) for the perceived stress while reading the report Scale from 0 to 100, with 0 = no stress and 100 = maximal stress | From enrollment in the study to at least 5 days and until the endpoint is reached but for a maximum duration of 14 days and only when allocated to the intervention |