Translation and Validation of the Limbs, Pain, Autonomy, Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life Scales in Albanian

Cross-cultural Adaptation, Translation and Validation of the Assessment Scales of the Upper and Lower Limbs, Pain, Autonomy, Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life for Use in the Albanian-speaking Population

The cross-cultural adaptation will be performed according to the internationally recommended methodology, using the following guidelines: translation, back-translation; revision by a committee, questionnaire diffusion and data collection and analyzing.

The psychometric properties will be evaluated by administering the questionnaire to approximately 300 participants. Reliability will be estimated through stability and homogeneity assessment

The assessment scales of the upper and lower limbs, pain, autonomy and quality of life for use in the Albanian-speaking population are as follow:

1. Adaptation, validation and test-retest reliability of upper limbs scales as: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH), MAYO Elbow score, oxford Elbow score, patent-rated tennis elbow evaluation, shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and Upper Limp Functional Index (ULFI).
2. Adaptation, validation and test-retest reliability of lower limb scales as: Oxford Hip Score, Motricity Index and Trunk Control Test in Albanian language.
3. Adaptation, validation and test-retest reliability of health scales and autonomy: Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS),Motor Assessment Scale (MAS), Stroke rehabilitation Assessment of movement (STREAM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Headache Impact Test (HIT6), Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale (LANSS), Instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADL), health status questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ), Tampa Skale Kinesiophobia, Ankle--Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).

Inclusion Criteria:

• articular and muscular pain
• back pain
• presence of rheumatologic symptoms
• functional misbalance
• scoliosis
• musculoskeletal disorders

Exclusion Criteria:

• no native albanian language
• severe trauma to the lumbar spine or hip(s)
• tumor
• metabolic disease