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The trunk movement awareness and education of individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis is not emphasized adequately in clinical practice. Therefore, this current study was made to hypothesize whether a patient education program about dynamic trunk control exercises during stroke rehabilitation may influence trunk control. 40 individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis were recruited and randomly allocated to the experimental and control group. Both the groups received 1 hour of exercises focusing more on dynamic trunk control exercises with patient education chart (experimental group) and without the patient education chart (control group) for 4 weeks.
The prevalence of stroke in adults increased by 14.6% in 2022 compared to data collected in 2013. Poor balance, postural asymmetry, abnormal gait, and fall-related complications due to reduced trunk control can limit social interactions. Trunk control is an important predictor of functional independence for stroke-affected individuals recovering from functional impairments. Studies have found that individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis have mild-to-severe trunk dysfunction even 6 months post-stroke occurrence. Evidence also indicates that the muscular strength of the trunk is significantly reduced in acute and chronic stages, which leads to poor functional performance. As trunk function significantly contributes to functional recovery, the importance of trunk training needs to be emphasized, and education should be provided to stroke patients for faster functional mobility.
Patient education programs guide patients, caregivers, and family members to understand and promote the patient's participation in continuing care and treatment decisions. This method assists patients in incorporating information, expertise, beliefs, and behaviors related to their health promotion and faster functional recovery from physical and psychological impairments. Patient education provides adequate and appropriate scientific knowledge for patients to improve their awareness of illness conditions and health-promoting practices. Studies also suggest that the patient education process increases patient's involvement in rehabilitation practices.
Although trunk control exercises are performed during routine rehabilitation programs, knowledge and education about trunk training exercises are not specifically emphasized in stroke rehabilitation protocols. Stroke patients need to be educated not only about upper and lower functional training but also should understand trunk control training during their rehabilitation process to acquire skills.
In this proposed study, a patient education program highlighting the significance of trunk control, its role in functional improvement, and patient-centered self-care might provide better functional mobility compared to a standalone trunk control exercises program. Through this program, patients can concentrate not only on limb training but also emphasize trunk-related functional tasks to improve overall body function. Therefore, our current study hypothesized that a patient education program about the trunk training program during the rehabilitation process may improve balance and functional mobility better than a standalone trunk control exercises program in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk control exercises with Patient education program | Experimental | This group have received Trunk control exercises along with patient education program. |
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| Trunk control exercises | Active Comparator | This group have received standalone trunk control exercises. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk control exercises combined with patient education program | Device | Patients in this group received about 45-60 minutes of trunk control exercises in lying and sitting, 5 days a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Each exercise was performed with 10-20 repetitions per session depending on the patient's ability. Trunk exercises or other activities targeting the trunk while sitting and lying, to minimize the influence of lower extremity function performed either on a stable or unstable surfaces. In addition, the experimental group provided a patient education program which focuses on the importance of trunk control and benefits of trunk control exercises during the rehabilitation process. Further, caregivers and family members were also explained about the patient education program and adherence with treatment protocol during and after the interventions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk impairment scale | The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) is a valid tool for assessing motor impairment of the trunk in stroke patients. In a sitting position, patient's static and dynamic sitting balance, as well as trunk coordination were assessed. For the static subscale, the patient's ability to maintain a sitting position with feet supported and legs crossed. The lateral flexion of the trunk and unilateral hip lifting were assessed to quantify the dynamic sitting balance. To assess the coordination function, the patient was instructed to rotate the upper or lower part of their trunk six times, initiating movements from the shoulder or pelvic girdle. The total score ranges from 0 (minimal performance) to 23 (perfect performance). This scale has high reliability, validity, and predictive value for functional outcomes, making it an effective tool for evaluating trunk function in stroke patients | Baseline, post-treatment week 4 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Mobility | The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) is a valid tool for assessing functional mobility in stroke patients. It is the 15-item questionnaire, which includes 14 self-reported items and one direct observation task. The items cover a range of mobility activities, from turning in bed to running. For each item, the patient receives a score of 1 if they can perform the task independently, or 0 if they cannot. The assessor allowed the patient to attempt each task unless there is a safety concern. The total score ranges from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better functional mobility |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ramprasad Muthukrishnan, PDF | Gulf Medical University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf Medical University | Ajman | 4184 | United Arab Emirates |
The data may be provided based upon request related to research purpose
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083244 | Thrombotic Stroke |
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D010291 | Paresis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083242 | Ischemic Stroke |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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A randomized controlled trial
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Outcome assessor was blinded to the participants allocation
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| Trunk control exercises | Device | Patients in this group received about 45-60 minutes of trunk control exercises in lying and sitting, 5 days a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Each exercise was performed with 10-20 repetitions per session depending on the patient's ability. Trunk exercises or other activities targeting the trunk while sitting and lying, to minimize the influence of lower extremity function performed either on a stable or unstable surfaces. |
|
| Baseline, post-treatment week 4 |
| Berg Balance Scale | The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a valid and reliable tool, consisting of 14-items that evaluates a patient's ability to maintain balance while performing functional tasks. The assessment items range from simple activities like sitting unsupported to more challenging tasks such as standing on one foot. Each item is scored on a 5-point ordinal scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (independent) depending on the patient's achievement level. A score of ≤49/56 indicates a fall risk in stroke patients and change of 4-7 points considered clinically significant improvement | Baseline, post-treatment week 4 |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |