Inclusion Criteria:

1. Clinical diagnosis that meets ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia.
2. Confirmation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia using the SCID-5-RV.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Clinical diagnosis or SCID-5-RV assessment confirming neurodevelopmental disorders, bipolar and related disorders, substance use disorders (excluding alcohol and tobacco).
2. Presence of severe or acute physical illnesses, including traumatic brain injury, intracranial space-occupying or infectious diseases, acute cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory system diseases, acute hematological disorders, autoimmune disease, etc.
3. Presence of clearly defined genetic diseases, including tuberous sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Kleefstra syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), etc.

1. No diagnosis of any mental disorder.
2. First degree relatives without mental disorders.

Exclusion criteria are the same as for the schizophrenia patient group.

Participants will receive a 3-month follow-up with clinical information, biological samples, and imaging data collected at baseline, 1st and 3rd months. The baseline assessment will include demographic information, medical history and previous medication use. At baseline and follow-up, patients' physical examination data (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, etc.), clinical symptom assessment scales (PANSS, SANS, SAPS, CDSS, CPSS, CGI, GAF, PSP, and SAS) and MCCB cognitive assessment data, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, MRI, and EEG data will be collected. Collection and store of blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples for routine laboratory tests and multi-omics including immunohistology, inflammation-related molecules, single-cell sequencing, extracellular vesicles, and other assays.

The change of PANSS at different follow up timepoint (lower score means a better outcome).

After assessment at each visit, evaluator convert raw scores to scale scores, then to normalized T scores. T scores of seven domains and composite score are further calculated. Compare the intergroup differences and longitudinal changes of the MCCB score between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.(higher scores mean a better outcome.)

Compare the intergroup differences and longitudinal changes in brain structure, function, DTI, and QSM between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.

Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid and blood between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.

Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of autoantibody in cerebrospinal fluid and blood between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.

Compare the levels and longitudinal changes of other biological indicators between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, as well as patients with different clinical subtypes.