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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 5 days post-exercise hot water immersion on exercise performance at simulated altitude.
Human performance is compromised at altitude due to a lower partial pressure of oxygen and subsequent reductions in the convective transport of oxygen to tissue. Long-term acclimation to attitude incurs physiological adaptations that result in a near return to sea-level performance; however, the time required (~2 weeks) for such adaptations is often logistically challenging for athletes, military personnel or other individuals who reside at sea level. Recent research suggests that physiological acclimation to heat stress (i.e., heat acclimation) and altitude (i.e., hypoxia) share similar cellular adaptations, namely an up-regulation of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and various heat shock proteins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that heat acclimation may provide physiological protection from reduced oxygen transport to the tissue and enhance performance at altitude. This cross-tolerance model is supported by traditional heat acclimation protocols (i.e., submaximal exercise in hot ambient temperature); however, it has not been tested with passive exposure to heat stress through post-exercise hot water immersion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Post-Exercise Hot Water Immersion | Experimental | Participants will cycle for 60 minutes at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) followed by 30 minutes post-exercise hot water immersion (40oC) for 5 consecutive days. |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Participants will cycle for 60 minutes at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max); however, there will be not water immersion following exercise. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-Exercise Hot Water Immersion | Other | Participants will cycle for 60 minutes at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) followed by 30 minutes post-exercise hot water immersion (40oC) for 5 consecutive days. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time-Trial Performance in hypoxia conditions | Results of a 16 km time-trial test conducted at an fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.14 | 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pulse oxygen saturation during exercise | Capillary oxygen saturation measured on the earlobe throughout the time-trial tests using pulse oximetry. | 30 minutes |
| Skin temperature during exercise |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geoffrey L Hartley, PhD | Contact | 705 845-3887 | geoffh@nipissingu.ca |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Geoffrey L Hartley, PhD | Nipissing University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nipissing University | North Bay | Ontario | P1B 8L7 | Canada |
All of the individual participant data collected during the study, after de-identification, will be made publicly available using an online data repository.
Data will be made available immediately following publication with no end date.
Any purpose.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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Considering that the hot water immersion protocol will be easily perceptible to the participants, it will not be possible to blind them from their group assignment. Also, the investigators will be required to set the water temperature for the immersion protocol following each exercise session, so they will also be aware of group assignments during the intervention.
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| Control Group | Other | Participants will cycle for 60 minutes at 50% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for 5 consecutive days. There is no water immersion following the exercise. |
|
Skin temperature measured throughout the time trial-tests and exercise training intervention using temperature probes attached to the calf, thigh, chest and arm, from which weighted averages are calculated.
| 90 minutes |
| Core temperature during exercise | Core body temperature measured throughout the time-trial tests and exercise training interventions using a rectal temperature probe. | 90 minutes |
| Heart Rate during exercise | Heart rate will be measured throughout the time trial tests and exercise training interventions using a wireless (Polar) heart rate chest strap. | 90 minutes |
| D008722 | Methods |