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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding low doses of dexmedetomidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia on post operative analgesia characteristics in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgeries
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is injured frequently during sports participation. Arthroscopic evaluation of patients with acute traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee has repeatedly demonstrated a 60% to 70% incidence of ACL injury.
Postoperative pain should be effectively treated because it represents an important component of postoperative recovery. Effective treatment serves to blunt autonomic, somatic, and endocrine reflexes with a resultant potential decrease in perioperative morbidity.
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist that has been used for premedication and as an adjunct to general anesthesia. It reduces opioid and inhalational anesthetics requirements.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Patients received the standard spinal anesthesia with 0.5% 3 ml according to the patient hyperbaric bupivacaine only. |
|
| Dexmedetomidine (study) group | Experimental | Patients received dexmedetomidine 4 μg and 0.5% (3-4 ml according to the patient's height) hyperbaric bupivacaine. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperbaric bupivacaine | Drug | Patients received the standard spinal anesthesia with 0.5% 3 ml according to the patient hyperbaric bupivacaine only |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total morphine consumption | The rescue analgesia was morphine IV bolus of 3 mg with when VAS > 30. Total morphine consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively was documented. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to first rescue analgesia request | Time to the first rescue analgesia (time from end of surgery to first dose of morphine administrated) was recorded | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Degree of pain |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanta University | Tanta | El-Gharbia | 31527 | Egypt |
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.
After the end of study for one year.
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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| Dexmedetomidine and Hyperbaric bupivacaine | Drug | Patients received dexmedetomidine 4 μg and 0.5% (3-4 ml according to the patient height) hyperbaric bupivacaine |
|
Degree of pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS (0 represents "no pain" while 100 represents "the worst pain imaginable"). VAS was assessed at PACU, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 hours postoperatively.
| 24 hours postoperatively |
| Duration of motor block | Duration of motor block starting from the time when the Bromage score 3 after spinal anesthesia until the time when the Bromage score was 0 postoperative. | Intraoperatively |
| Patient satisfaction | Patients' satisfaction was measured 24 hours postoperative using a five-point Likert scale consisting of: 1: Very dissatisfied, 2: Dissatisfied, 3: Unsure, 4: Satisfied, 5: Very satisfied | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Incidence of side effects | Incidence of side effects such as Hypotension, Bradycardia, Shivering, nausea, and vomiting) were recorded. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
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