The Aim of This Study Is To Evaluate The Role Of Ultrasound In Decreasing Rate Of Proximal Obstruction In Frontal VP Shunt

Congenital Hydrocephalus is a very common congenital anomalie known as the abnormal accumulation of csf in the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces under high tension due to imbalance between synthesis and absorption of csf , The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus is higher in low income country than in high income countries Treatment options for hydrocephalus are multiple but the most common treatment option world wide is VP Shunt . Although, VP Shunt still has a high rate of failure as revisions are required in 30% - 40% of cases In Vp shunt insertion , the placement of ventricular catheter is done mainly by free hand technique but recently The trans fontanelle ultrasound guided placement of ventricular catheter become a standard technique in multiple centers The free hand technique has low accuracy rate in proper intraventricular placement of the proximal catheter than the ultrasound guided technique . On the other hand , the use of intra operative ultrasound can visualize the anatomy of lateral ventricles and choroid plexus which makes the placement of ventricular catheter more accurate than the blind free hand technique So we are aiming in this study to highlight the efficacy of ultrasound guided placement of ventricular catheter of the frontal shunt in decreasing the rate of proximal catheter obstruction and we choose the frontal shunt because it has an advantage over the occipital in rate of revisions as it has a lower rate

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients who are diagnosed with congenital Hydrocephalus
• age of patients : < 2 years with patent Anterior Fontanelle
• Not operated with frontal shunt before

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients who are diagnosed with congenital Hydrocephalus
• age of patients : < 2 years with patent Anterior Fontanelle
• Not operated with frontal shunt before