Sitz-bath therapy with Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the management of postoperative wounds of anal fistula. This method not only ensures safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, but also simplifies application. With a firm foundation in a historical heritage, this method is notable for their minimal adverse reactions. The fumigating-washing or sitz-bath therapy with Compound Phellodendron Decoction (CPD) for postoperative wounds of anal fistula has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating pain, reducing edema, curbing secretions, alleviating skin itching, and promoting wound healing processes. Despite the body of clinical research in this domain is substantial, the majority of studies have been limited to observing therapeutic outcomes. The intrinsic mechanisms by which these effects are achieved remain elusive. This study aims to unravel the potential mechanisms underpinning CPD's promotion of wound healing, focusing on the aspects of inflammation and immunity.

Inclusion Criteria:age range of 18 to 80 years who had undergone anal fistulotomy procedures.

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Exclusion Criteria:patients with Crohn's disease, pregnancy or lactation, organ dysfunction (such as heart failure, respiratory insufficiency, liver or renal impairment, gastrointestinal dysfunction), coagulopathy, autoimmune diseases, or a history of hypersensitivity to Chinese medicinal substances.

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