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Cholecystectomy is the most frequently performed abdominal surgery in developed nations, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy being recognized as the gold standard technique for treating gallstones.
The efficacy of TAP block for pain relief has been well-documented following laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures. Recently, m-TAPA block has emerged as an alternative analgesic technique for abdominal surgeries.
This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these two analgesic methods in managing postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed abdominal surgery in developed countries, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy regarded as the gold standard technique for gallstone treatment.
Postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is influenced by several factors, making it a complex and predominantly visceral pain. These factors include phrenic nerve irritation due to CO2 insufflation, abdominal distension, port site incisions, the effects of gallbladder removal, and individual patient characteristics.
Regional analgesia has gained widespread acceptance from both patients and physicians, becoming a key component of multimodal analgesia techniques. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has proven effective in reducing postoperative pain in surgeries such as hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, cesarean section, and colorectal procedures.
The Ultrasound (US)-guided Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerve Block Through Perichondrial Approach (M-TAPA) involves administering a local anesthetic to the underside of the perichondral surface. This technique provides effective analgesia for the anterior and lateral thoracoabdominal regions.
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of US-guided M-TAPA block with TAP block for postoperative analgesia following cholecystectomy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group M-TAPA | Active Comparator | Patients had bilateral M-TAPA block with 0.25% bupivacaine (total volume of 40 ml) at the end of the surgery for postoperative pain control. |
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| Group TAP | Active Comparator | Patients had bilateral TAP block with 0.25% bupivacaine (total volume of 40 ml) at the end of the surgery for postoperative pain control. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through perichondrial approach | Other | After the patient fell asleep, surgery was not yet started. Following sterile conditions for bilateral M-TAPA block application, the transducer was inserted on the chondrium in the sagittal plane at the 9-10th rib level. Subsequently, a deep angle was created with the probe for visualization of the underside of the costochondrium. The sonovisible needle tip was placed just below the chondrium and saline (5 ml) was injected for site confirmation. After the confirmation, 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered for each group for a total of 40 ml of local anesthetic. Blocks were applied using an 80 mm sonovisible needle with a 6-10 MHz linear probe under the guidance of a portable ultrasound. Same procedure applied to the contralateral side. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| numerical rating scale scores | numerical rating scale is used for pain assessment. The scores of the numerical rating scale changes between 0 to 10 points. 10 points mean "the most severe pain that the patient ever had". 0 point means "there is no pain." Higher scores mean worse outcome. | postoperative 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| total tramadol consumption | postoperative analgesic need | postoperative 24 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicana Sivas Hospital | Recruiting | Sivas | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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There are two models for this study. Modified Perichondral Approach Thoracoabdominal Nerve block (M-TAPA block) group, and Transversus Abdominal Plane Block (TAP block) group
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The patient and the outcomes assessor who performs postoperative pain evaluation will not know the group
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| Transversus Abdominal Plane block | Other | After the patient fell asleep, surgery was not yet started. Following sterile conditions for bilateral TAP block application, USG will be placed transversely on the mid-axillary line between the iliac crest and subcostal planes. Using the In Plane technique, the block needle will be advanced into the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles and the location will be confirmed by administering 5 ml of saline . After the confirmation, 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered for each group for a total of 40 ml of local anesthetic. Blocks were applied using an 80 mm sonovisible needle with a 6-10 MHz linear probe under the guidance of a portable ultrasound. Same procedure applied to the contralateral side. |
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| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |