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The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between core muscles endurance and Saliba Postural Classification System in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.
chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) is a significant health issue affecting 85-90% of the general and athletic population, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. This study aims to address functional deficits in patients with CMLBP, reducing the burden and improving care delivery and work performance. Core muscle dysfunction, particularly multifidus and transversus abdominus muscles, is found in patients with CMLBP. However, the relationship between posture, function, and pain is not established due to the absence of a standardized postural classification system. The proposed tests can help infer the stability and function of core muscles in patients with CMLBP, enabling researchers to develop effective treatment programs. This study may also benefit physical therapists by providing an evidence-based approach in assessment using a valid and reliable postural classification system. Future research may address the relationship between core muscle endurance and Saliba Postural Classification System in patients with CMLBP.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| assessment of pain intensity using visual analogue scale | The visual analog scale (VAS) is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity, consisting of a horizontal line 10 cm long. It is anchored by "no pain" (score 0) and "worst imaginable pain" (score 10), with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. | at baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| assessment of functional disability using cross-culturally adapted Arabic version of the Oswestry disability questionnaire | For each item of the ODI, the participants will be asked to choose one answer that best defines his/her back function. Scores for each item will be tallied and the total score will be recorded. A total score from 0-20 to indicate "minimal disability", 20-40 to indicate "moderate disability," 40-60 to indicate "severe disability", 60-80 to indicate "housebound", and 80-100 to indicate "bedbound". |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants will be excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria mentioned above.
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This study was a cross sectional, Observational, and correlation analysis
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| out-patient clinic, faculty of physical therapy, Cairo university | Giza | Egypt |
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| at baseline |
| assessment of mechanical stress points using vertical stress test to confirm the Saliba Postural Classification System | The patient is positioned on a stool, chair, or table, with their forearms vertically and hovering. Force is directed towards the patient, ensuring they cannot move unless they buckle. The therapist's hands are placed on the patient's shoulders between the acromion and the first rib insertion. The test is graded 1-5, with 1-4 indicating dysfunction and 5 being efficient force translation to the support base. Inefficient responses cause spine side bends, backward bends, shears, or rotates. | at baseline |
| assessment of proper timing of core and global muscles in response to an external load using Elbow flexion test | The patient's position is described as a 90-degree bend in elbows, with forearms supinated to a loose pack position, humerus perpendicular to the floor, and no shoulder adduction allowed. The therapist's position involves standing in front, applying resistance, positioning forearms perpendicular to the floor, and hovering with hand placement over the distal end of the forearm. The patient's stability response is observed, with efficient states activating core, rotator cuff, shoulder girdle, and global shoulder and arm muscles. Inefficient states involve giving in arms, shoulder girdle, and spine. | at baseline |
| assessment of trunk endurance using Trunk flexion test | The patient is positioned in a sit-up position with their back against a 60-degree jig, knees and hips flexed 90 degrees, arms folded, and feet secured. The therapist pulls the jig back 10 cm and the patient holds an isometric posture for as long as possible. Failure is determined when any part of the back touches the jig. The patient's time holding the isometric posture is recorded, with a normal range of 1-2 minutes. | at baseline |
| assessment of back extensors (the erector spinae and the multifidus) endurance using trunk extension test | The back extensors, erector spinae and multifidus, are tested with the upper body off the bench and secured, with the pelvis, knees, and hips secured. Participants hold the upper limbs across the chest, and failure occurs when the upper body drops below the horizontal position. The researcher records the time participants can hold the body straight. | at baseline |
| assessment of trunk side flexor endurance using side blank test | The test start with patient lying on the side then the therapist will ask him to lift the body on the elbow, forearm, and feet stacked creating a straight line from head to toe. Same as prone plank time recorded as long as he could hold his body and hip off the floor. The researcher will record the time with a normal range of 1-2 minute | at baseline |
| assessment of trunk endurance using Prone plank test | The test start with the patient in prone position and the therapist will ask the patient to support the upper body off the ground by the elbows and forearms, and to take the weight by the toes with the legs straight. The hip is lifted off the floor creating a straight line from head to toe. As soon as the patient is in the correct position, the therapist starts the stopwatch. The head should be facing towards the ground and not looking forwards. The test is over when the patient is unable to hold the back straight and the hip is lowered. The researcher will record the time of holding the body up, normal range is 1-2 minutes | at baseline |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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