The goal of our study is to compare ultrasound-guided caudal block to the conventional technique based on anatomical landmarks.

The primary endpoint was the success rate of each technique. We also collected the time taken for each technique, the number of punctures, and the incidence of complications (subcutaneous infiltration, intravascular injection).

Children were randomized to receive a caudal block based on anatomical landmarks (group C) or ultrasound-guided (group E) at a dose of 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine, not exceeding 20 ml.

Inclusion Criteria:

• children aged between 6 months and 6 years, ASA 1 , underwent elective surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe systemic diseases, previous neurological or spinal disorders, coagulation abnormalities, allergies toward LAs, local infection at the block site