Molecular Subtype Combined with Early Minimal Residual Disease to Optimize the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Molecular Subtype Combined with Early Minimal Residual Disease to Optimize the Treatment of Young Treatment-naive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Multicenter, Phase II Study

This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of drug "X" in combination with intensive chemotherapy in subjects with newly diagnosed AML (excluding APL and CBF-AML). "X" drugs included BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and FLT3 inhibitor Gilteritinib.

Subjects will receive standard intensive chemotherapy during induction and consolidation. Early induction response will be evaluated according to the results of peripheral blood blast clearance rate on the fifth day after induction therapy (D5-PBCR). Venetoclax will be added in D5-PBCR positive subjects. For subjects with FLT3 mutations, Gilteritinib will be combined.

Subjects will be stratified based on the genetic risk classification of 2022 European LeukemiaNet recommendations (ELN risk) and MRD status to receive specific consolidation therapy after the induction therapy.

Young patients with naïve AML (excluding APL and CBF-AML) were included in this study. 218 subjects who meet the eligibility criteria will receive the standard 3+7 intensive chemotherapy induction, containing cytarabine and idarubicin. On the basis of the IA induction regimen, the early chemotherapy response was evaluated according to the results of peripheral blood blast clearance rate on the fifth day after induction therapy (D5-PBCR). For D5-PBCR-positive patients, venetoclax will be added to conventional chemotherapy. For patients with FLT3 mutations, gilteritinib will be combined.

Subjects who achieve a composite complete remission (CRc) after induction therapy will receive further consolidation therapy, which regimen will be decided based on the ELN risk at diagnosis and MRD status detected by MFC and gene quantification after induction therapy.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the addition of drug "X" to the standard induction regimen improves efficacy in the treatment of naïve AML.

Primary objective: To evaluate whether intensive IA combined with targeted drug (drug "X") regimens can improve the composite response rate (CRc) after 1 course of induction therapy in newly diagnosed young AML patients Secondary Objective: To evaluate whether intensive chemotherapy combined with drug "X" during induction and consolidation can improve overall response rates, overall survival, and event-free survival in newly diagnosed young AML patients Safety indicators: incidence of adverse reactions during treatment, recovery time of neutrophils and platelets

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Bone marrow morphology and immunology confirmed newly diagnosed AML patients (according to 2022 ICC criteria)
2. Exclude patients with APL and CBF-AML (according to fusion genes and chromosomes)
3. Performance status score 0-2 (ECOG score)
4. Age 18~59 years old
5. Liver and kidney function: blood bilirubin ≤ 35 μmol/L, AST/ALT below 2 times the upper limit of normal, creatinine ≤ 150 μmol/L
6. Normal cardiac function (EF ≥50%)
7. Obtained informed consent signed by the patient or family member

Exclusion Criteria:

1. FAB classification is M3, or confirmed APL at the molecular level
2. CBF-AML
3. Patients who have already been treated
4. Comfirmed central nervous system leukemia
5. Allergy to any of the drugs involved in the protocol
6. Medical condition or organ system dysfunction that precludes the inability to swallow capsules or tablets, or has a disease that significantly affects gastrointestinal function and/or inhibits small bowel absorption (including malabsorption syndrome, small bowel resection, or poorly controlled inflammatory bowel disease)
7. Cardiac function and disease consistent with one of the following: a) long QTc syndrome or QTc interval >480 ms; b) second- or third-degree atrioventricular block; Severe, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias requiring medication; c) United States New York College of Cardiology Grade ≥ III; d) Ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%; e) History of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, severe unstable ventricular arrhythmia or any other arrhythmia requiring treatment, history of clinically severe pericardial disease, or ECG evidence of acute ischemic or active conduction abnormalities within 6 months prior to recruitment
8. Previous or present concomitant malignancies (except for basal cell carcinoma of the skin that have been effectively controlled as non-melanoma, carcinoma in situ of the breast/cervix, and other malignancies that have not been effectively controlled for more than 6 months, and patients who have been receiving long-term non-chemotherapy treatments such as hormonal therapy)
9. Significant abnormalities in liver and kidney function (serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase or serum creatinine more than 2 times the upper limit of normal reference values; Excluded from AML-related as judged by the investigator)
10. Patients who have previously used other drugs for the treatment of AML (except hydroxyurea and cytarabine for cell count control), including but not limited to BCL2, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2 inhibitors, or other drugs in clinical trials
11. Coagulopathy not associated with AML
12. HIV infection, syphilis infection, HCV infection, active HBV infection (HBsAg positive, or HBsAg negative but HBcAb positive with HBV DNA > 1.0 ×ULN)
13. Other uncontrolled active infection (as judged by the investigator)
14. Pregnant or lactating women
15. Inability to understand or follow the study protocol
16. Participation in other relevant clinical studies within 30 days (except diagnostic clinical studies)
17. Patients who in the opinion of the investigator, are not suitable to participate in this study