This project examines functional connectivity patterns associated with subsequent relapse to illicit opioids during treatment for OUD.

Inclusion Criteria:

• recent initiation of methadone or buprenorphine at a clinic or program within the past year (i.e., period of time during which treatment drop-out and risk for relapse is highest);
• eligibility for MRI scanning;
• ability to commit to study visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• current acute psychosis, mania, or suicidal ideation with intent, as assessed during screening with the SCID-5;
• current intoxication or acute withdrawal at time of study visit sufficient to prevent participation based on: behavioral observation, breathalyzer, and SOWS assessment;
• severe cognitive impairment as determined via trained clinical research staff through consent process and during consent quiz or as indicated by a PROMIS Cognitive Function tscore <30 (i.e., severe impairment)
• past or present history of intellectual disability, developmental disorder, or neurological disease;
• head trauma with loss of consciousness >30 min;
• organ dysfunction or any unstable or untreated medical conditions that may interfere with study participation.

Participants will be individuals with primary opioid use disorder who are at least 18 years old and enrolled in formal MOUD treatment (either methadone or buprenorphine) for less than 6 months. Investigators will recruit a sample that is 50% female and 50% male.

This study will submit and share data with OpenNeuro. This will include de-identified demographic data, neuropsychological assessment data, clinical assessment data, and fMRI data (raw).

All data will be deposited to OpenNeuro starting 24 months after data collection begins and will be deposited every six months thereafter. OpenNeuro policy states that any data uploaded to their repository becomes publicly available under a Creative Commons CC0 license after a 36-month period beginning from first successful version of the dataset.

OpenNeuro policy states that any data uploaded to their repository becomes publicly available under a Creative Commons (CC) license after a 36-month period beginning from first successful version of the dataset. Users create an account with OpenNeuro account in order to download BIDS formatted files and any associated metadata.