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This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in a woman's life. The second stage of labor, when the cervix is fully dilated and the baby moves through the birth canal, is a crucial phase. Various techniques and tools are used during this stage to assist delivery, one of which is the labor mirror. This tool allows the mother to visually observe the perineum and monitor the progress of labor, especially in water births. Both handheld and bed-mounted options are available, usually made of acrylic, and they can have adjustable angles for better visualization.
The use of a labor mirror offers several benefits. It enables real-time monitoring of the birthing process, allowing midwives to make timely interventions. More importantly, it helps mothers feel more involved in the birth, boosting their confidence and motivation, especially when they see the baby's head. This can lead to more controlled pushing and potentially shorten the duration of labor.
In summary, the labor mirror can enhance the birth experience by allowing mothers to participate actively and by providing emotional support, which may reduce the length of the second stage of labor. However, its use is not widespread in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Experimental | In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. |
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| Control | No Intervention | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Mirror | Other | The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score | The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience. | Within 24 hours postpartum |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of the Second Stage of Labor | The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use. | During the second stage of labor, within the birth process |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kocaeli University | Kocaeli | İzmit | 41001 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Experiment | In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births |
| FG001 | Control | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Experiment | In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score | The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience. | The analysis included women who completed the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire within 24 hours after delivery. Participants who withdrew or had incomplete data were excluded. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Within 24 hours postpartum |
|
From the onset of the second stage of labor until delivery completion and during the first 24 hours postpartum.
No adverse or serious adverse events were observed or reported during the study. Adverse events were monitored during the second stage Participants were monitored for any adverse or serious adverse events during the second stage of labor, delivery, and the first 24 hours postpartum. Standard obstetric observation protocols were followed. No free-text repetition of numerical results is provided; all event counts are presented in the data tables.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Experiment | In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Resmiye Özdilek | Kocaeli University | +90 262 303 47 38 | resmiyeozdilek@gmail.com |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 14, 2025 | Jul 14, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009362 | Neoplasm Metastasis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009385 | Neoplastic Processes |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
| BG001 | Control | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Gestational Week at Admission | Mean gestational week at admission was calculated for each study group prior to intervention. This measure indicates the pregnancy week based on the last menstrual period and/or ultrasound assessment at the time of hospital admission for labor. Units are expressed in completed weeks. | Mean | Standard Deviation | Weeks |
|
| OG001 | Control | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
|
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| Secondary | Duration of the Second Stage of Labor | The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use. | All participants who completed the second stage of labor with recorded time data were included in the analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minutes | During the second stage of labor, within the birth process |
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|
|
| 0 |
| 61 |
| 0 |
| 61 |
| 0 |
| 61 |
| EG001 | Control | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. | 0 | 61 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 61 |
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