Pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the visceral and parietal pleura, and canbe defined as spontaneous, iatrogenic or traumatic. Spontaneous pneumothorax further classified as primary or secondary. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occur in the absence of underlying lung disease. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is more common in men and in younger patients and associated with smoking. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) occur in the presence of underlying lung disease, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, lung cancer,and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in older adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The study will include patients ≥18 years old with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted at Sohag University Hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with traumatic or iatrogenic pneumothorax.

The study will include patients ≥18 years old with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted at Sohag University Hospital