Arm 1 participants received the cash only intervention. Households in this arm received 1 mobile cash transfer per month for 6 months.

Arm 2 participants received the cash + social behavior change communication intervention. Household received 1 mobile cash transfer per month for 6 months but mothers also received an SBCC package that included interpersonal communication (1:1 consultations for mothers), bi-monthly group sessions on key health and nutrition topics, and cooking demonstrations.

Arm 3 participants received the cash + top-up cash intervention. Households received 1 mobile cash transfer per month for 6 months, receiving the base cash amount plus an additional cash top-up amount.

Households received 1 mobile cash transfer per month for 6 months.

Child under 5 wasting prevalence was an aggregate measure of children's nutritional status based on the child's MUAC, weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) measurements, and the present of edema. Using the 2013 WHO guidelines on management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children, at each study timepoint, children were measured and classified as:

1. without acute malnutrition (MUAC >= 125 mm and WHZ >= -2 SD and no edema),
2. with moderate acute malnutrition (115 mm <= MUAC < 124.9 mmm and/or -3<=WHZ<-2 and no edema),
3. severe acute malnutrition (MUAC < 115 mm and/or WHZ <-3 and/or edema).

Prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals and changes in prevalence were calculated between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Aggregate measure of maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measured at each time point using standard MUAC tape to the nearest 0.1cm. Mothers were classified as 1) Overweight (MUAC > 300 mm), 2) Normal (300>MUAC>=230mm) or 3) With moderate acute malnutrition (MUAC < 230 mm). Prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals and changes in prevalence were calculated between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Child mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm by program staff at each study timepoint using standard MUAC tape.

Child weight-for-height is an aggregate measure using standard anthropometric measures for weight and height. Child weight was measured to the nearest 0.01 kg using a stand on scale and child height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a wooden length board. Weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were calculated using 2006 Word Health Organization child growth standards module in STATA. Weight-for-height compares a child's weight to the weight of a child of the same height and sex from a standard 2006 WHO reference population. This weight-for-height z-score is measured in standard deviations from the median weight for children of the same height and sex. The calculation for Z-score is (X-m)/SD; X is the participant child's weight, m is the median weight for children of the same height and sex in the WHO reference population, and SD is the standard deviation of the weight of the reference population. Z-scores range from -5 to 5.