The interventionists at each study site will be either healthcare providers (e.g., nurses), social workers, or psychologists with at least 3 years of experience serving HIV-serodiscordant male couples.

The participants in the control condition will receive regular care.

The We-INtervention focuses on the relationship dynamics of HIV-serodiscordant male couples. In developing the intervention, we reviewed relevant theories and frameworks, such as the cognitive transactional model, the systemic transactional model, the dyadic illness management model, and the intersectional framework of stigma. The three weekly 60-minute sessions are Session 1: We-disease appraisal. Despite stigma related to their dual minority identities, couples develop a perception of HIV as a shared disease, enhancing illness control. Session 2: Couple communication. Couples undertake skill-building exercises on effective communication techniques to strengthen their relationship. Session 3: Dyadic coping. Couples learn to optimize preference and value assessments in HIV management. A few skill-building exercises help them mobilize and maintain mutual support and develop joint problem-solving skills.

Stigma related to HIV status and homosexual identity will be assessed using the modified version of Negative Self-image Subscale of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale (Berger, Ferrans, & Lashley, 2001) with parallel items related to "being HIV seropositive" (HIV-seronegative partners will respond to "being a partner to someone who is HIV seropositive") and "being homosexual." This dual stigma assessment was used in the PI's previous study (Chen et al., 2020). Possible scores range from 0 (no stigma) to 39 (most stigma).

Quality of life will be measured using the 29-item World Health Organization Quality of Life-HIV for the HIV-seropositive partners and the 24-item World Health Organization Quality of Life for the HIV-seronegative partners (WHO, 1998). These two measures were previously used in the PI's study of Chinese HIV-serodiscordant couples (Hou et al., 2023). Possible scores range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 108 (Best quality of life) for HIV-seropositive partners , and from 0 (worst quality of life) to 96 (Best quality of life) for HIV-seronegative partners.

Psychological well-being will be measured using the five-item WHO Well-Being Index (Topp et al., 2015). This scale was used in the PI's study of Chinese HIV-seropositive partners (Huang et al., 2018). Both partners will answer this scale. Items are scored on a six-point scale (0-5). The total score for this scale is calculated by summing all items. The score range is 0-25. Higher scores indicate a higher level of well-being.

We-disease appraisal will be measured to assess the couples' appraisals of HIV ownership using modified items of the Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale (Aron et al., 1992). The PI previously used these modified items for research on Chinese HIV-serodiscordant couples (Hou et al., 2023). Both partners will answer this scale. The total score is based on this single item. The score range is 0-6. Higher scores indicate a higher level of we-disease appraisal.