Biofeedback training is a mind-body therapy that helps people learn to control their involuntary bodily functions, such as eye movements. The goal is to improve eye movement control to improve gaze stability.

Saccadic reading training helps people to learn to control their involuntary eye movements. The goal is to improve eye movement control to improve saccadic and fixational behaviors during reading activities.

This training type involves the use of microperimetry. Microperimetry is a visual field test that incorporates perimetry and retinal imaging and is a standard ophthalmic clinical technology. It allows for direct observation of the fundus, but uses an eye-tracking system to compensate for involuntary eye movements. A program designed to train patients to direct and hold their gaze at an eccentric location programmed by the controller will be used. When the participant directs their gaze towards the pre-programmed location, a sound of increasing frequency is emitted to let them know they are approaching the correct location. The sound stabilizes into a solid tone when the patient is gazing directly at the trained location (biofeedback) and they are asked to attempt to hold their gaze at this location for as long as possible.

Participants will be asked to read aloud a series of sentences presented on a display. Eye movements will be recorded in real-time using an Eye-Link 1000 infrared eye-tracking camera, as the patient is reading what is on the display. The primary outcome measure will be the first saccade landing location.

A clinical reading assessment used in low vision settings to assess for common patterns of reading errors (misidentifications, skipped letters or words, skipped lines). The participant reads aloud lines of text (random letters and words of increasing complexity and decreasing line spacing.