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Induction of anesthesia in surgical procedures can be a distressing process for both children and their parents. Nonpharmacological behavioral interventions, unlike sedative medications, can reduce children's anxiety without adverse effects. The effect of having both parents present during anesthesia induction on children's anxiety and parents' anxiety has not yet been documented.
This study will aim to evaluate the effect of having both parents present during anesthesia induction on children's and parental anxiety during the perioperative period.
Surgery can be very stressful for patients, especially children. Studies show that 50-75% of children experience fear and anxiety when undergoing surgery and being put under anesthesia. This anxiety can have adverse effects on their recovery, leading to more extended hospital stays, increased pain, and behavioral issues. To address this, various medical and non-medical approaches are used to ease children's fears. One such approach is allowing parents to be with their children until the anesthesia takes effect. This study aims to assess how having both parents present during this time impacts the child's anxiety levels.
The effect of parental presence on the anxiety of children and parents was studied in various studies. Whether both parents affect anxiety has not been studied yet. In this study the investigators will evaluate the anxiety of children by using mYPAS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group Child Preference | The children will prefer parents (mother or father) who will accompany them in the preoperative holding area and at induction. |
| |
| Group Both Parents | Both parents will accompany the child in the preoperative holding area and at induction. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure: Selection of parent(mother or father) according to children preference | Procedure | Children will choose the parent who will accompany them. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patients anxiety-Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) of the children undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. | The mYPAS will be used to evaluate the anxiety level of children. The mYPAS is an observational measure of preoperative anxiety consisting of 27 items in 5 domains (activity, emotional expressivity, state of arousal, vocalization, and use of parents). The adjusted mYPAS total score ranges from 23.3 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. | Perioperative period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emergence delirium-Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAEDS) | Pediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale consists of 5 criteria (eye contact, purposeful movement, awareness of environment, restlessness, inconsolability) that are scored using a 5-point scale. The scores of each criterion are added to make a total score. The score changes 0-20. Scores above 10 indicate delirium, while scores below 10 indicate no delirium. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study included 80 children of both genders, aged 5-12 years, who underwent day-case surgery in the otorhinolaryngology clinic
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rafet YARIMOGLU | Karaman Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rafet YARIMOGLU | Karaman | Karaman | 70200 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41423202 | Derived | Yarimoglu R, Sezgin A, Duran A, Yucedag F, Basaran B. The Impact of the Presence of Both Parents on Perioperative Anxiety in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2026 Jan;70(1):e70167. doi: 10.1111/aas.70167. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D002652 | Child Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Procedure: Both parents will accompany the children. | Procedure | Both parents will accompany the children. |
|
| Perioperative period |
| Parent anxiety-STAI | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety level of the parents. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety. It has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety. State anxiety items include: "I am tense; I am worried" and "I feel calm; I feel secure." Trait anxiety items include: "I worry too much over something that really doesn't matter" and "I am content; I am a steady person." All items are rated on a 4-point scale (e.g., from "Almost Never" to "Almost Always"). Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. | Perioperative period |