Worder was designed to enhance visual motor and visual spatial skills in individuals of all ages and cognitive abilities. Visual processing is required for all cognitive abilities that involve vision including attention, working memory, and task management. Worder's goal is to improve cognitive function more broadly by developing this critical skill underlying multiple abilities.

A noninvasive neurostimulation device will be used to deliver theta frequency stimulation or sham stimulation to the frontal part of the brain.

Stress and sleep data will be recorded at home throughout the intervention using FDA-approved wrist worn multi-sensor watches.

Mean performance on a distracted attention task will be compared pre and post intervention. Divided attention performance will be assessed using the Filter Task that places simultaneous demands on perceptual discrimination abilities and distraction filtering.

Based on previous studies of meditation training and our preliminary data, we predict that MediTrain will lead to significantly enhanced midline frontal theta power during the TOVA in MCI as compared to OA. Beyond most prior studies, by collecting structural MRI data, we will be able to source-localize any observed changes in midline frontal theta.

We also expect MediTrain will augment intrinsic Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity, both functionally (measured with resting fMRI111,112) and structurally (measured with DTI-based connectomes). This is hypothesized based on the known association between the DMN

We will assess time spent in NonREM stages 1 (N1), 2 (N2) and 3 (N3) sleep and REM sleep (RS), latency to sleep onset (SOL), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). We will also assess delta power during sleep stages and wake; and overall sleep maintenance (SM) and sleep efficiency (SE). Diminished time spent in SOL and WASO, increased time N2, N3 and REM sleep, increased delta during NonREM sleep are each signs of improved sleep. Increases in SM and SE indicated improved, more stable sleep patterns. We will measure continuous pulse rate, heart rate variability, respiration, electrodermal activity , and peripheral skin temperature. Reduced amplitude can be indicative of reduced stress over time.

Mnemonic discrimination task tests recognition memory for common objects, as reported in scores on a scale of the Lure Discrimination Index ranging from 0.00 to 1.00 where higher values show better performance.

Changes in Task-based Cortical Functional Connectivity Associated With Training-induced Changes in Mnemonic Discrimination will be measured. functional MRI data will be analyzed in terms of beta-series correlations between co-active cortical regions of interest and compared between treatment arms and timepoints.

The Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog) measures the ability to perform everyday tasks that demand memory, language, visuospatial abilities, planning, organization, and divided attention. The ECog consists of a global and domain scores for each of the previously described categories, and is scored as follows: 1= better or no change compared to 10 years earlier, 2= questionable/occasionally worse compared to 10 years earlier, 3= consistently a little worse compared to 10 years earlier, 4= consistently much worse compared to 10 years earlier. Thus, the lower the overall score is on this measure at both the global and domain score level, the better one is performing with respect to their cognition.

SF-36 (overall health) The general health and well-being (SF-36) score assesses participant health. The SF-36 score ranges from 0 to 100. The higher the overall score is on this measure, the better one is performing with respect to their health and well-being.

Perceived Stress Scale A survey that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are perceived as stressful. Scores range from 0 to 40 with higher scores representing more perceived stress. We will report change in means over time.