HAIC in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Advanced HCC

In Which Tumor Burden Range Does Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Benefit More from Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Than Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors? a Multi-center, Retrospective, Propensity Score Matching Study

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in combination with PD-1 inhibitors and Lenvatinib in patients with different tumor burden advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Has a diagnosis of HCC confirmed by radiology, histology, or cytology;
2. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C with the presence of portal vein tumor thrombus;
3. Has not received any previous systemic therapy for HCC (including chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, immunotherapy);
4. Both TKIs and ICIs patients received only include marketed drugs but are not limited to HCC approval;
5. HAIC was performed after the first TKIs/ ICIs treatment or before treatment;
6. Received at least 2 cycles of HAIC or ICIs treatments；
7. Has repeated measurable intrahepatic lesions;
8. Child-Pugh class A or B.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who took systemic anti-tumor treatments before the combination therapy;
2. With other malignant tumors;
3. Unable to meet criteria of combination timeframe described above.