Renal Arterial Resistive Index as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis Patients

Renal Arterial Resistive Index as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis Patients

Systemic Lupus Erthymatosous (SLE) is achronic inflammatory multi system auto immue disease characterized by pathogenic auto anti bodies production against nuclear structures (Bolouri et al.,2022), SLE affecting mainly woemn of childbearing age and is chracterized by unpredictable flares and remissions , disease variety varied from mild episode disorder to arpidly progressive life -threatening illness..

LN is diagnosed by either the presence of proteinuria >0.5g/day. active urinary sediment , or an unexplained rise in serum creatinine there fore , identifying new invasive biomarkers of LN severity and outcome is mandatory, Renal Arterial resistive index ( RRI) is anon invasive biomarker that has been studied as apotential indicator of disease activity in LN patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged ≥18 years.
• SLE patients fulfilling the SLE International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria and matched controls.
• Patients cooperative and can answer questions.
• Patients who are able and willing to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Individuals with other autoimmune diseases.

  • Diabetes.
  • Hypertension.
  • Heart failure.
  • Hepatic diseases.
  • Chronic renal failure.
  • Renal artery stenosis.
  • Renal vein thrombosis.
  • Intrarenal arteriovenous fistula.
  • Obstructive nephropathy.
  • Urinary tract obstruction that could affect RI of intra renal arteries.
  • Un cooperative patients.
  • Patients not able and willing to give written informed consent.