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The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to learn if imagining fast or slow muscle contractions causes different responses for nervous system excitability and muscle function in young, healthy males and females in. The main questions are:
Does imagining fast muscle contractions cause greater nervous system excitability compared to imagining slow muscle contractions?
Does imagining fast muscle contractions increase muscle function compared to imagining slow muscle contractions?
A control condition (rest) will be compared with two intervention conditions: imagining fast and imagining slow conditions, to determine if the fast and slow increase outcomes more than control and if fast has the greatest response.
Participants will:
Participants will complete 4 laboratory visits in a randomized order, including a familiarization session, a control condition, and 2 conditions involving imaginary muscle contractions. During visits involving imaginary muscle contractions, participants will complete 2 sets of 25 repetitions of either fast (i.e., less than 1 second to peak torque increase torque as fast as possible) or slow (i.e., 3 seconds to peak torque) isometric elbow flexions. Before and after each condition, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation will be delivered to the primary motor cortex to measure the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and the duration of the resulting silent periods in the bicep brachii to quantify changes in corticospinal excitability and inhibition, respectively. Rapid maximal voluntary isometric contractions will be used to measure changes in rate of torque development, peak torque, and rate of muscle activation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Participants will rest quietly with eyes closed during the control condition. | |
| Fast | Experimental | Participants will imagine 2 blocks of 25 fast muscle contractions separated by 30 sec |
|
| Slow | Experimental | Participants will imagine 2 blocks of 25 slow muscle contractions separated by 30 sec |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imagined muscle contractions | Behavioral | The intervention involved imagining, with no physical movement, of muscle contractions. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in rate of torque development as measured by newton-meters per second | A measure of the capacity to increase muscle torque rapidly as determined by the slope of the torque-time curve | Baseline, minute 20 |
| Change in nervous system excitability as measured by electromyographic waveform aplitude following motor cortex stimulation | A measure of excitability for the corticospinal tract | Baseline, minute 20 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in isometric bicep strength as measured by newton-meters of torque | Isometric strength of a muscle | Baseline, minute 20 |
| Change in agonist muscle activation as measured by electromyography amplitude |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported ability to imagine movements as measured by Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised as measured on a scale from 8 to 56 | Survey that estimates one's capacity to imagine movement. A higher score indicates better imagination. | Baseline |
| Level of vividness for imagining the imagined contractions as measured by 7-point likert scale as measured from 1 to 7 |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
male and female
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garrett Hester, Ph.D. | Contact | 470-578-4267 | ghester4@kennesaw.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kennesaw State University | Recruiting | Kennesaw | Georgia | 30144 | United States |
Non-identifying IPD will be provided upon a reasonable request.
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Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years after the publication of results
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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A measure of the capacity at which the muscle is activated by the nervous system
| Baseline, minute 20 |
| Change in antagonist co-activation as measured by electromyography amplitude | A measure of the capacity at which the antagonist muscle is activated by the nervous system | Baseline, minute 20 |
| Change in rate of agonist muscle activation as measured by electromyography amplitude | A measure of how quickly the nervous system activates the muscle | Baseline, minute 20 |
| Change in nervous system inhibition as measured by electromyographic waveform aplitude following motor cortex stimulation | A measure of inhibition for the corticospinal tract | Baseline, minute 20 |
A 7-point likert scale is used to to determine how vivid one's imagination was for the conditions. A higher score indicates greater difficulty imagining the movement. |
| 20 minutes after baseline |