Cardiac Performance Evaluation in Children With Steroid Dependent vs Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

Cardiac Performance Evaluation in Children With Steroid Dependent vs Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common pediatric kidney diseases There is an increased incidence of heart disease in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) compared to the normal population Conventional Echocardiography is usually utilized to diagnose myocardial dysfunction. Tissue Doppler imaging is a non-invasive cardiac imaging technique which measures the velocity of the longitudinal motion of the mitral annulus, tricuspid annulus and the basal part of interventricular septum

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children with primary nephrotic syndrome.

  • Age: 2 - 14 years.
  • Both males and females

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients of primary cardiac diseases (e.g., congenital or rheumatic heart disease, cardio- myopathy).

Patients who refuse to give written informed consent to study