Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs) affiliated with trauma centers in the US often focus on individual behavior modification for reduction in re-victimization. There is a lack of reproducible evidence that has demonstrated effectiveness, given the exclusion of addressing inequities in the Social and Structural Determinants of Health (SSDOH), often the root causes of violent injury and preventable homicide. The study investigators created a Medical Legal Partnership (MLP) to partner with an existing HVIP. This novel program offers beside legal assistance to address the SSDOH. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the HVIP-MLP program in improving perceived stress, violence-related outcomes, legal needs, health-related quality of life, and PTSD symptoms.

National trauma center verification relies on a commitment to injury prevention efforts, including prevention of community-level violence. Hospital-Based Violence Recovery Programs (HVIPs) have expanded across the country as extensions of level I and II trauma centers to address trauma recidivism with individual behavioral modification during the "teachable moment." There is little evidence that has demonstrated consistent effectiveness of this approach. One possible reason is the difficulty for community-based violence prevention specialists from HVIP programs to address the larger inequities in the Structural and Social Determinants of Health (SSDOH) that lead to violence through. Medical-Legal Partnership is one approach that has demonstrated evidence and success in improving health outcomes and reducing health-harming legal needs of patients, by connecting legal experts to medical experts for holistic care. This has yet to be done for trauma patients and has, to our knowledge, not been incorporated into any HVIP approach thus far. This clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the HVIP-MLP model to address legal needs rooted in the SSDOH and improve perceived stress. As secondary objectives, it will also evaluate whether the HVIP-MLP model can improve violence-related outcomes, health-related quality of life, and PTSD symptoms among study participants. This novel HVIP-MLP approach has the potential to broadly impact the HVIP model to include an MLP component to all trauma centers for verification to support patients, families and providers alike in this important public health work.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Treatment for an interpersonal violent injury at the University of Chicago Trauma Center (e.g., gunshot, stab wound, assault)
• Ages 14+ years
• Able to provide informed consent (18 years and older) or assent (14-17 years)

Inclusion of women and minorities: This research proposal includes women and ethnic minorities. Patient participants will be primarily non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic race and ethnicity. The study expects participants to be proportional to the population-wide estimates for the South Side community. The majority will be low-income with variable functional health literacy. These characteristics are representative of the target population and describe the population most likely to benefit from the proposed study. Youth stakeholder participants will be multi-ethnic and racially diverse.

Inclusion of children: This study will include children ages 14-17 years old, based on Illinois state labor laws for child employment, as well as the ages of youth who are primarily treated for penetrating injury at the UCMC trauma center. This age is also a pragmatic cutoff for children providing meaningful input on community and healthcare solutions to violence.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of severe mental illness (e.g., psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality)
• Treated for a non-interpersonal violent injury type (e.g., car accident)
• Treated for self-inflicted or accidental injuries
• Unable to provide informed consent due to mental status
• Prior receipt of legal services at UCMC within the past year
• Currently imprisoned or incarcerated
• Residing at a non-Illinois address
• Non-English speakers

Data from this project will be shared with the Community Firearm Violence Prevention (CFVP) Network at the University of Michigan as part of a data sharing agreement stipulated under the UG3/UH3 award funding this research.

IPD and supporting information will be available at the conclusion of data collection (11/1/2027) and will last for 5 years (10/31/2032).

Data will be shared with trained and credentialed analysts from the CFVP team. They will be able to access de-identified survey data through an encrypted portal.