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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Silesian University of Medicine | OTHER |
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The aim of this randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of analgesia using either thoracic epidural or intravenous infusions for open lumbar infrarenal aortic aneurys repair and compare Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) with Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) for monitoring pain perception postoperatively.
Patients received either preemptive thoracic epidural analgesia using either 0,2% ropivacaine with fentanyl or 0,2% bupivacaine with fenthanyl or preemptive intravenous infusion using metamizole and tramadol.
Open major abdominal surgery is one of the most risky surgical procedures performed under general anaesthesia (GA) for inappropriate postoperative pain perception (IPPP), whereas thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) still constitutes the golden standard of analgesic regimen in the upper abdomen because its was proven to provide improved postoperative analgesia, reduce the incidence of chronic postoperative pain, as compared with parenteral opioids. Therefore, it should always be considered as a routine adjunct to GA for elective open lumbar infrarenal aortic repair (OLIAAR). Monitors of analgesia that measure nociception / antinociception balance - intensity of nociception (painful stimulation) and efficacy of anti-nociception (pain relief) - are increasingly gaining popularity. The Adequacy o Anesthesia (AoA) concept is based on monitoring the depth of GA detected from a forehead sensor using an entropy electroencephalogram (Response Entropy, RE; State Entropy, SE) and the surgical pleth index (SPI) derived from a finger photoplethysmography signal, both of which do not require complex preoperative preparations Observance of the SE value within the range of 40-60 as a result of proper administration of the hypnotic GA component, reflecting the proper suppression of the limbic system, alongside observance of the increase in the SPI value on the monitor (0-no painful stimulation, 100-maximum painful stimulation) after a painful stimulus and returning to the baseline level after the intravenous rescue opioid analgesia (IROA) bolus (anti-nociception), makes the monitoring with AoA guidance easy SPI has been successfully used to monitor analgesia intra- and postoperatively and less postoperative pain have already been reported, when SPI monitoring was employed. Considering all the above, the investigators designed a randomised controlled study to assess the effect of TEA using a combination of either 0,2 % ropivacaine (RPV) and fentanyl (FNT) or 0,2% bupivacaine (BPV) and FNT on intra- and postoperative demand for opioids, haemodynamic stability as compared to intravenous preventive analgesia using metamizole/tramadol in patients undergoing open lumbar infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair (OLIAAR) under AoA-guided GA
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| thoracic epidural analgesia using 0,2% ropicavaine with fentanyl | Experimental | preventive analgesia will be assured using 0,2% ropicavaine (Ropivacaini Hydrochloridum 1%, 10mg/mL, 10 mL, Molteni Farmaceutici, Italy) with fentanyl via thoracic epidural catheter perioperatively |
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| thoracic epidural analgesia using 0,2% bupicavaine with fentanyl | Experimental | preventive analgesia will be assured using 0,2% bupicavaine (Bupivacainum Hydrochloricum WZF 0.5%, 5 mg/mL, 10 mL, Polfa Warszawa S.A, Warsaw, Poland) with fentanyl via thoracic epidural catheter perioperatively |
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| intravenous analgesia using metamizole with tramadol | Experimental |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| intravenous rescue opioid analgesia using fentanyl | Drug | intraoperative rescue opioid analgesia using 1mcg/kg of fentanyl (Fentanyl WZF, POlfa Warsawa, Poland) )/ body weight when SPI value > 15 baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pain perception intraoperatively | the investigators will compare the efficacy of preventive analgesia intraoperatively according to used preoperatively either intravenous or thoracic epidural infusions . The investigators will administer a rescue dose of fentanyl intravenously in a dose of 1 mcg per kg of body weight in the case when SPI (surgical pleth index) value increases over delta15 points in SPI scale every 5 minutes until SPI value decreases back to baseline value. Additionally, the investigators will analyse rescue fentanyl consumption in abovementioned groups | from the skin incision till placement of last suture by the operator, an average of 2 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pain perception postoperatively | The investigators will compare the efficacy of analgesia postoperatively according to technique of analgesia used preoperatively: intravenous infusion of either metamizol/tramadol or thoracic epidural either 0,2% ropivacaine or bupivacaine with fentanyl. The investigators use NPRS (numeric pain rating score 0: no pain - 10: worst possible pain perception) and compare it with SPI values (0: most efficient antinociception-100; worst possible antinociception ). |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical University of Silesia | Sosnowiec | Silesian Voivodeship | 41-200 | Poland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38215709 | Background | Laferriere-Langlois P, Morisson L, Jeffries S, Duclos C, Espitalier F, Richebe P. Depth of Anesthesia and Nociception Monitoring: Current State and Vision For 2050. Anesth Analg. 2024 Feb 1;138(2):295-307. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006860. Epub 2024 Jan 12. | |
| 36140567 | Background | Hung KC, Huang YT, Kuo JR, Hsu CW, Yew M, Chen JY, Lin MC, Chen IW, Sun CK. Elevated Surgical Pleth Index at the End of Surgery Is Associated with Postoperative Moderate-to-Severe Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Sep 6;12(9):2167. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12092167. |
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preventive analgesia will be assured using intravenous infusion using metamizole 5 gram / 24 hours ((Pyralgin 0.5g/ml, 2 ml solution; Polpharma, Poland) with tramadol 400 mg/24h (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/2 ml solution; Polpharma, Poland) perioperatively |
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| intravenous rescue atropine administration | Drug | atropine (Atropinum Sulfuricum WZF, POlfa Warsawa, Poland) in a dose of 0,5mg/kg of will be administered intravenously when heart rate < 50 |
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| intravenous rescue urapidil administration | Drug | urapidil (Ebrantil 25, Takeda PHARMA, Japan) in a dose of 10 mg will be administered intravenously when DAP > 110 mmHg or SAP > 200 mmHg |
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| intravenous rescue ephedrine administration | Drug | ephedrine (Ephedrinum Sulfuricum WZF, POlfa Warsawa, Poland) in a dose of 10 mg will be administered intravenously when DAP < 50 mmHg or MAP < 65 mmHg |
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| concentrate of red blood cells | Biological | concentrate of red blood cells will be transfused when concentration of haemoglobin < 10g% |
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| red blood cells autotransfusion | Biological | red blood cells from the operation site will be retransfused using cell saver |
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| primary treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | Drug | dexamethasone ((Dexaven 4mg/ml, Jelfa, Poland) in a dose of 4 mg will be administered intravenously when incidence of PONV is observed |
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| secondary treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | Drug | Ondansetron (Ondansetron Accord 2mg/ml, 2 ml solution, Accord Healthcare Limited, Great Britain) in a dose of 4 mg will be administered intravenously when incidence of persistent PONV is observed despite the dexamethasone in a dose of 4 mg will be administration intravenously |
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| intraopertative fluid challenge (IFC) | Drug | 3 mililitre of synthetic colloid will be transfused intravenously per each sudden blood loss of 1 mililitre |
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| postoperative rescue opioid analgesia using morphine | Drug | postoperative rescue opioid analgesia will be administered intravenously using 2 miligrams of morphine ((Morfini Sulfas WZF, 20mg/ml, solutio pro iniectione, Polfa Warszawa, Poland)every 10 minutes until postoperative pain perception using NPRS scale will decrease below 4 (NPRS; 0 meant no pain and 10 meant the worst pain imaginable) |
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| from extubation in the operating theatre until discharge to department of vascular surgery, but not shorter than half an hour |
| PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) | The investigators will compare the presence of PONV (scale 0 - no PONV;1 - presence of PONV) after emergence from GA in studied groups. The investigators will observe patients postoperatively for two days and record any incidence of nausea or vomiting and in the abovementioned case the investigators will administer a standard dose of antiemetic drug. | 48 hours |
| haemodynamic stability | the investigators will observe and note the values of heart rate (HR > 100: tachycardia; < 45: bradycardia) and blood pressure (MAP: mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg intraoperative hypotension; DAP diastolic arterial pressure > 110mmHg: malignant hypertension) | from the beginning of induction of anaesthesia till discharge to department of vascular surgery, on average several hours |
| 36803564 | Background | Won YJ, Oh SK, Lim BG, Kim YS, Lee DY, Lee JH. Effect of surgical pleth index-guided remifentanil administration on perioperative outcomes in elderly patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Feb 17;23(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02011-5. |
| 36926752 | Background | Oh SK, Won YJ, Lim BG. Surgical pleth index monitoring in perioperative pain management: usefulness and limitations. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2024 Feb;77(1):31-45. doi: 10.4097/kja.23158. Epub 2023 Mar 17. |
| 27543532 | Background | Ledowski T, Burke J, Hruby J. Surgical pleth index: prediction of postoperative pain and influence of arousal. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Sep;117(3):371-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew226. |
| 30605991 | Background | Jain N, Gera A, Sharma B, Sood J, Chugh P. Comparison of Surgical Pleth Index-guided analgesia using fentanyl versus conventional analgesia technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019 Apr;85(4):358-365. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12954-3. Epub 2019 Jan 2. |
| 9105981 | Background | Gold MS, Rockman CB, Riles TS. Comparison of lumbar and thoracic epidural narcotics for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 Apr;11(2):137-40. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90202-0. |
| 27575452 | Background | Ball L, Pellerano G, Corsi L, Giudici N, Pellegrino A, Cannata D, Santori G, Palombo D, Pelosi P, Gratarola A. Continuous epidural versus wound infusion plus single morphine bolus as postoperative analgesia in open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a randomized non-inferiority trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Dec;82(12):1296-1305. Epub 2016 Aug 30. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001014 | Aortic Aneurysm |
| D020250 | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000783 | Aneurysm |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D001018 | Aortic Diseases |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009325 | Nausea |
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D014839 | Vomiting |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057725 | Operative Blood Salvage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020858 | Tissue and Organ Harvesting |
| D014180 | Transplantation |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
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