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This study aimed to determine the effects of warming and vibration applications on pain during heel blood collection in newborns.
H1: Warming application has a positive effect on pain during heel blood collection in newborns.
H2: Vibration application has a positive effect on pain during heel blood collection in newborns.
H3: The combined application of warming and vibration during heel blood collection in newborns has a positive effect on pain.
Heel blood collection is frequently used for neonatal metabolic screening and analysis of bilirubin, glucose and other biochemical/hematologic parameters. This process is both painful and stressful for the newborn. Pain experience in the neonatal period can cause intense stress in the infant and cause physiopathological changes such as respiratory irregularity, impaired thermoregulation, changes in heart rhythm, changes in oxygen saturation and blood pressure. Therefore, it is recommended to use evidence-based non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain experiences of newborns and to minimize the short and long-term negative effects of pain.
Based on this rationale, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacologic methods on pain and procedure time together.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Other | Newborns who will be subjected to routine practices during heel blood collection procedure and who will not be subjected to warming and vibration will constitute the control group. |
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| Experimental group (warming) | Experimental | Newborns who will be subjected to warming application during the heel blood collection procedure will constitute the 1st experimental group. |
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| Experimental group (vibration) | Experimental | Newborns who will be subjected to vibration during the heel blood collection procedure will constitute the 2nd experimental group. |
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| Experimental group (warming and vibration) | Experimental | Newborns who will be subjected to both warming and vibration during the heel blood collection procedure will constitute the 3rd experimental group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Other |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in level of pain | The level of pain will be measured using the N-PASS: Neonatal Pain/Agitation, Sedation Scale. The scale was developed by Hummel, Lawlor-Klean and Weiss in 2010, its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Açıkgöz et al. in 2017. N-PASS consists of two sections: sedation and pain assessment. Total pain score varies between 0 and +11 and total sedation score varies between 0 and +10. A high score indicates severe pain. The aim is to keep the score at 3 and below. If it is above 3 points, sedation requirements are evaluated. The average time spent to administer the scale is 1 minute. | Immediately before the prosedure, during the procedure, immediately after the procedure. The change in these time period will be measured. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hande Keskin Nurse | Acibadem University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acıbadem University | Istanbul | Ata | Turkey (Türkiye) | |||
| Acıbadem University |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34334677 | Result | Avan Antepli N, Bilsin Kocamaz E, Gungormus Z. The Effect of Vibration on Pain During Heel Lance Procedures in Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Neonatal Care. 2022 Apr 1;22(2):E43-E47. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000918. | |
| 16386341 | Result | Shepherd AJ, Glenesk A, Niven CA, Mackenzie J. A Scottish study of heel-prick blood sampling in newborn babies. Midwifery. 2006 Jun;22(2):158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2005.07.002. Epub 2005 Dec 28. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| D014732 | Vibration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| Warming | Other |
|
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| Vibration | Other |
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| Warming and vibration | Other |
|
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| Istanbul |
| Ataşehir |
| 34750 |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| 21569274 | Result | Ray R, Godwin Y, Shepherd A. Convective burn from use of hairdryer for heel warming prior to the heel prick test - a case report. BMC Pediatr. 2011 May 10;11:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-30. |
| 35055694 | Result | Napiorkowska-Orkisz M, Gutysz-Wojnicka A, Tanajewska M, Sadowska-Krawczenko I. Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 13;19(2):870. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020870. |
| 16244215 | Result | Hassan Z, Shah M. Scald injury from the Guthrie test: should the heel be warmed? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Nov;90(6):F533-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.2005.072678. |
| D008722 | Methods |
| D055595 | Mechanical Phenomena |
| D055585 | Physical Phenomena |