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The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the parameters of balance, cognitive skills, hand grip strength, reaction time, quality of life and respiratory functions in elderly and healthy peers individuals.
Deterioration of airway patency, respiratory functions, experiencing shortness of breath that limits functional capacity, impairments in health-related quality of life, balance, cognitive skills, hand grip strength and reaction time parameters make physiotherapy approaches important in the treatment of bronchiectasis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| elderly with bronchiectasis ( EXPERİMENTAL GROUP ) | elderly with bronchiectasis Interventions: Other: Participants will have to sign an informed consent form before the evaluation. Demographic information; It will be evaluated with a demographic information evaluation form. Other: Cognitive skills; It will be evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Other: Reaction time; It will be evaluated with the 12-Red Square Test on the App-coo test application via tablet. Other: Quality of life assessment; It will be evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile. Other: Lower extremity muscle strength assessment; It will be evaluated with a 30-second sit-and-stand test. Other: Hand grip strength measurement test; It will be evaluated with a dynamometer. Other: Pulmonary function assessment; It will be evaluated by spirometry. Other: Balance assessment will be done with the Wii Fit Balance Board. |
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| healthy controls (CONTROL GROUP) | Age-matched healthy volunteers Interventions: Other: Participants will have to sign an informed consent form before the evaluation. Demographic information; It will be evaluated with a demographic information evaluation form. Other: Cognitive skills; It will be evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Other: Reaction time; It will be evaluated with the 12-Red Square Test on the App-coo test application via tablet. Other: Quality of life assessment; It will be evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile. Other: Lower extremity muscle strength assessment; It will be evaluated with a 30-second sit-and-stand test. Other: Hand grip strength measurement test; It will be evaluated with a dynamometer. Other: Pulmonary function assessment; It will be evaluated by spirometry. Other: Balance assessment will be done with the Wii Fit Balance Board. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive skills test | Other | Cognitive skills; It will be evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Wii Fit Balance Board | The use of force platform technologies to assess standing balance is common in a variety of clinical areas. Force platforms can provide detailed quantitative information about underlying movement deficits or postural control mechanisms and responses to sensory manipulations. Force platforms are now considered the gold standard in clinical practice. A reliable and valid study in which the Wii Fit Balance Board can be used as a tool to assess balance was conducted by Clark et al. (2018) In the balance test with Nintendo Wii Balance Board; The participant is asked to complete the 'Basic Balance Test' with their eyes open, within 30 seconds, in 5 stages, with gradually increasing difficulty, using weight transfer to the right and left. The maximum total score that can be obtained from the test is determined as 30. | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. | Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale; In order to distinguish normal individuals from individuals with mild mental problems, Nasreddine et al. (2005). Adaptation of the scale to Turkish was made by Selekler et al. (2010). In this study, the cut-off point of the Turkish version of the scale (21 points) was found to be lower than the original version (26 points). The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 30 and the minimum score is 0. In the obtained scores, <10 indicates severe cognitive impairment, 10-17 indicates moderate cognitive impairment, 18-25 indicates mild cognitive impairment, and >26 indicates normal cognition. The abbreviation of the scale is "MOCA". |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Elderly with diagnosed with bronchiectasis and age matched healthy volunteers who do not have any diagnosed chronic diseases.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Atlas University | Istanbul | KAgıthane | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Reaction time test | Other | Reaction time; It will be evaluated with the 12-Red Square Test on the App-coo test application via tablet. |
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| Quality of life assessment | Other | Quality of life assessment; It will be evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile. |
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| Lower extremity muscle strength assessment | Other | Lower extremity muscle strength assessment; It will be evaluated with a 30-second sit-and-stand test. |
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| Hand grip strength measurement test | Other | Hand grip strength measurement test; It will be evaluated with a dynamometer. |
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| Pulmonary function assessment | Other | Pulmonary function assessment; It will be evaluated by spirometry. |
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| Balance assessment | Other | Balance assessment will be done with the Wii Fit Balance Board. |
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| The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| APP- Coo-Test | APP-coo-test; It is an application that contains 4 different tests to measure reaction time. The first part consists of 15 white dot tests that test upper extremity coordination, the second part consists of 12 Red Square Tests that test upper extremity speed-coordination, and the third and fourth parts consist of static balance tests. 12 Red Square Tests; It is an application that runs on a touch screen device and can be downloaded from the web for free. It measures the time required to perform the task, in addition, it provides the 12-Red Square Test execution time, average time, standard deviation of trials executed, and coefficient of variation of each upper extremity (dominant and non-dominant hands) at the end of the test. PDF report can be downloaded, printed and signed by the auditor for safekeeping. | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| Nottingham Health Profile (NIH) | Nottingham Health Profile is a quality of life questionnaire, developed in 1975 at the Department of Public Health, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine, England, consisting of two parts, which questions some problems in daily life that require the person to answer himself . The abbreviation of the questionnaire is "NHP". Cronbach's α value calculated in all areas of the scale was calculated between 0.56 and 0.83. As a result of the calculations, a result between 0-100 is obtained. A score approaching 100 indicates a low level of perceived health status, and a score approaching 0 indicates a high level of perceived health status. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted by Küçükdeveci et al. in 2000. | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| 30 Second Sit and Stand Test | 30 Second Sit and Stand Test; It is used to evaluate the lower extremity muscle strength and endurance of individuals. At the beginning of the test, individuals are seated on a standard stool with back support, without armrests, approximately 45 cm tall, with their feet flat on the ground and their hands crossed over their shoulders. The test is first demonstrated by a staff member and then administered by a subject. Starting from this position, the patient is asked to sit and stand up as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. The number of times you sit down and stand up correctly for 30 seconds is recorded as the test result. In the literature, the minimum significant difference of the 30-second sit-to-stand test has been determined as 3 repetitions. | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| Hand Grip Force Test | The grip strength test is performed with a dynamometer according to the recommendations of the American Hand Therapists Association. Patients are measured in a sitting position, shoulder adduction, elbow flexion at 90°, forearm prono-supination in neutral and wrist joint in neutral position. 3 consecutive measurements are provided with 60-second rest breaks between measurements. The result obtained from the average of the three measurements is recorded. | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| Pulmonary Function Test | The Pulmonary Function Test is a physiological test that measures airflow or lung volume changes during inspiration and expiration, according to the derivative of time. Its abbreviation is "SFT". Spirometer, on the other hand, is a pulmonary function test device that provides an objective demonstration of the capacity of the lungs and expressed as the percentage of the predicted value according to the guideline of European Respiratory Society (ERS) | The assessment will be administered only once to each participant. All tests will be performed on the same day and will take approximately 30 minutes. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001987 | Bronchiectasis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001982 | Bronchial Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053581 | Muscle Strength Dynamometer |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019719 | Diagnostic Equipment |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
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