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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01HD086184 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) | NIH |
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The goal of this clinical trial is to test the associations of young children's early life experiences with delaying behaviors and links with later life outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will:
In sessions 1 and 2, 4-6-year-olds will complete a delay of gratification task (randomly assigned to one of two groups, to delay with either a sweet or a wrapped gift), the NASA Load Index to report perceived demand and effort for the delay of gratification task, a computerized delay choice measure (while pupillometric data is collected), a Go/No-Go task, the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort, a Track-It task, a task measuring sensitivity to social conventions, and Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement. Parents will complete the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), the REEF executive function questionnaire, and questionnaires about demographics and children's experiences waiting at mealtimes, when opening gifts, and in other contexts.
In session 3 (1 year after sessions 1 and 2), participants and parents will repeat the measures from sessions 1 and 2.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delay of Gratification - Treat | Experimental | Reward presented is a sweet treat. |
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| Delay of Gratification - Gift | Experimental | Reward presented is a wrapped gift. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delay of Gratification | Other | Children will complete a delay of gratification task with 1 of 2 rewards |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Choice Delay | Pattern of waiting behavior represented by area under the curve (AUC) for wait times. | Immediately after and 1 year after intervention |
| Executive Functions | Composite scores from the REEF, a questionnaire measuring executive functioning. | Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention |
| Social Conventions | Social task measuring adherence to social conventions. | Immediately after and 1 year after intervention |
| Academic Readiness | Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement: Letter-Word Identification and Applied Problems standardized scores. | Immediately after and 1 year after intervention |
| Inhibitory Control (Go/No-Go) | Accuracy (No-Go trials) during the Go/No-Go inhibitory control task. | Immediately after and 1 year after intervention |
| Experiences Waiting at Home | Composite score from a questionnaire developed for this study, measuring experiences with waiting. | Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention |
| Cognitive Flexibility (DCCS) | Accuracy (perseveration errors) during the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. | Immediately after intervention and 1 year after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pupil dilation during delayed choice | Pupil dilation while waiting for expected reward, or skipping for a new trial. | Immediately after and 1 year after intervention |
| Behavior while delaying | Video coding of targeted behaviors (i.e., anticipatory behavior) during delay of gratification. |
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Typically developing children will be recruited. Participants will be pre-screened for developmental disorders.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rachel Foster, B.S. | Contact | +1 530 754 4551 | refoster@ucdavis.edu | |
| Yuko Munakata, PhD | Contact | ymunakata@ucdavis.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rachel Foster, B.S. | University of California, Davis | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Mind and Brain | Recruiting | Davis | California | 95618 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006184 | Habits |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Problem Behaviors | Composite and sub-scale scores from CBCL, a questionnaire measuring children's problem behaviors. | Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention |
| During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention |
| Subjective Effort | Self-reported demand and effort during the delay of gratification task on the NASA Task Load index. | During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention |
| Proactive Control | Accuracy during the Track-It proactive control task. | During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention |
| Child Temperment | Composite score from the CBQ, a questionnaire measuring child temperament. | Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention |