Neurobic exercise program + Traditional Brain Exercises

Traditional brain exercises calculation or memory games.

6 weeks to improve cognitive function, memory and overall brain health by introducing non-routine activities that require participants to utilise their multiple senses and remember sequences and patterns. Each activity would be performed 2-3 times/ session, for recalling the observation period set at 1 minute and at the end of the 9th week, the memory retention effect will be measured.

The MOCA is a popular screening tool used to determine if cognitive impairment is present. It takes approximately ten minutes to complete. It evaluates visuospatial skills, attention, language, abstract reasoning, delayed recall, executive function, and orientation. MoCA is scored out of 30. A cut-off score of 26 signifies mild cognitive impairment.

It is used to measure subjective memory. This test measures the informant's perception of the older person's cognitive decline. Older adults are required to compare their performance today with their performance ten years ago. Informants were asked to indicate the change on a 16-item scale from 1 (much improved) to 5 (much worse).

The cut-off scores were based on the total score divided by the number of questions (average item score range 1- 5). Lower scores indicated better subjective memory performance.

It is used to measure objective memory. The COMT was designed to assess age related memory impairments in individuals with various educational, language, and cultural backgrounds. It included repeated presentations of colour photographs containing 10 common objects (button, chair, clock, comb, cup, key, knife, leaf, scissors and umbrella) and multiple opportunities for participants to recall and recognise the original list. The total COMT scores were summed across these three steps, and the possible range was 0-90. Higher scores indicated better objective memory performance.

The Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living is an ordinal scale used to measure a person's ability to perform ten common daily activities, including feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowel and bladder control, toilet use, transfers (bed-to-chair), mobilityon level surfaces, and stair negotiation. A modified version by Collin and Wade uses a three-point scoring system (0 = unable, 1 = needs assistance, 2 = independent) with a total score ranging from 0 to 20. The assessment takes 2-5 minutes to complete.