Influence of Microfiltered-seawater Supplementation and Variable Resistance Training in Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, Hepatic, and Renal Biomarkers in Older Women

Could Microfiltered-seawater Supplementation and Variable Resistance Training Improve Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, Hepatic, and Renal Biomarkers in Older Women? a 32-week, Double-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the intake of deep sea water prior to resistance training on blood pressure, oxidative stress and hepatic and renal variables in older women.

This study was a 32 weeks, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Inclusion Criteria:

• (i) women aged ≥65years
• (ii) able to climb 10 stairs without pause and walk 100m without a walker
• (iii) score above 23 points in the mini-mental state examination
• (iv) <1h of physical activity per week throughout the six months before the study
• (v) possess a medical certificate of aptitude to carry out physical activity

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants who had suffered:

• (i) any type of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, neurological, or neuromuscular injury or disorder and/or
• (ii) taking any type of drug/supplement that may alter the results of the study (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, estrogens, beta-blockers, calcitonin, steroid hormones, etc.)
• (iii) changes in body weight of more than 10% in the year prior to the study
• (iv) have a severe hearing or visual impairment
• (v) participate in another research project (within the last six months) involving an exercise, dietetic and/or pharmaceutical intervention