one-puncture technique of RSB combined with TAPB.

multipoint technique of RSB combined with TAPB.

nalbuphine (2 mg/kg) and normal saline to a total volume of 150 mL, with a background infusion rate of 2 mL/h, a bolus dose of 2 mL, a lockout interval of 15 min, and a maximum limit of 10 mL within 1 h.

The probe will be positioned transversely in the midline of the abdomen, between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus, revealing the linea alba. It was then moved outward along the costal margin, demonstrating the rectus abdominis overlapping the transverse abdominis. A 22-gauge, 120-mm ultrasound-visible block needle will be inserted from the inner side . Under direct vision, we will reach the posterior rectus abdominis sheath and pierced the anterior layer of the posterior sheath. Saline was injected to adjust its position. After that, 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be administered (aspiration was performed for every 5 mL injection), and we will observe the local anesthetic spreading inward . Then, the needle will break through the posterior layer of the tendon, and saline will be injected to confirm the needle's placement in the transversus abdominis plane. After confirming the tip placement, 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be slowly injected. The needle tip will be advanced al

opioid consumption

the time from the placement of the ultrasound probe on the patient's skin to the end of the local anesthetic injection

the time from the end of the injection of local anesthetic (bupivacaine) to the loss of pinprick sensation using a sterile 25-G needle in the operation field.