Cross over randomized design for adding whey protein to Suhoor meal for patients with T1DM during fasting Ramadan

Patients with type1 diabetes who intend to fast will be supplied with dietary supplement "Whey protein" to be taken with Suhoor (predawn meal) for one week during Ramadan. They will be then crossed over to not taking the whey protein for another week. the order of taking whey protein will be randomized.

During both weeks patients will be monitored through flash continuous glucose monitoring and data will be compared in regards to incidence and timing of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and time in target range.

After Ramadan data will be collected on number of days they had to brake fast due to low blood sugar during both weeks and overall satisfaction with using whey protein during Ramadan.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
2. Age >14 years
3. Committed to do Regular SMBG or on CGM
4. On Multiple Daily Injections or insulin pumps
5. On carbohydrate counting for meal dosing
6. Have previously fasted Ramadan
7. willing to fast Ramadan this year
8. Well-educated about requirements for fasting Ramadan

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Hypoglycemia unawareness
2. Cognitive impairment or learning disability
3. Renal and hepatic impairment
4. Adrenal insufficiency
5. Pregnancy
6. Alcohol consumption
7. Any diagnosed psychiatric disease
8. Sensor-augmented insulin pumps
9. HbA1c >12%
10. Already on protein supplements