Translate and adapt the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS) into Urdu language and establishing the psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and norms) of the translated scale

The purpose of this study is to increase the accessibility and accuracy of clinical assessments, ultimately improving the quality of mental health care delivery and advancing research in the field of clinical psychology within Urdu-speaking communities

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals aged 18 to 65 years At least 5 years of education Score of 8 or higher on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or Anxiety scales as measured by their primary care clinician

Exclusion Criteria:

• Substance use disorder according to DSM-5 TR criteria Significant cognitive impairment (for example, profound learning disability or dementia) Active psychosis as determined by their primary care clinician