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Literature reviews showed the cognitive-motor training that combines cognitive tasks may enhance cognitive functions more effectively than individual interventions. Stepping-based cognitive-motor training has been shown to improve cognitive functions, balance, and gait performance in older adults. However, there is insufficient research evidence on the impact and correlation of this training mode on the walking ability, executive functions, and brain activity changes in people with PD. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the effects of stepping-based cognitive-motor training on the walking ability, executive functions, and brain activity in people with PD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive-motor training group | Experimental | Participants receive 16 sessions of cognitive-motor training. |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Participants receive 16 sessions of conventional physiotherapy. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive-motor training | Other | Cognitive-motor training is that cognitive tasks incorporated into motor tasks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gait variability | Using GAITRite system to measure the coefficient of variation (CV). The mean and standard deviation will be used to calculate the coefficient of variation (CV). CV = standard deviation / mean * 100% | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Gait speed | Using GAITRite system to measure gait speed | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Step length | Using GAITRite system to measure step length | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Step width | Using GAITRite system to measure step width | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Single support time | Using GAITRite system to measure single support time | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Double support time | Using GAITRite system to measure double support time | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Frontal Assessment Battery | The score ranged from 0 to 18. Higher scores show better executive function. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test | Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores range from 0 to 28. Higher scores indicate better balance ability. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yea-Ru Yang, PhD | Contact | +886228267279 | yryang@nycu.edu.tw |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University | Recruiting | Taipei | 112 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| Conventional physiotherapy | Other | Conventional physiotherapy includes stretching, ROM exercise, strengthening exercise, and eye-hand coordination. |
|
| Stroop color and word test | Record numbers of corrected color words which the subject responds within 45 sec. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Digit span test | Digit span test contain forward and backward part. Scores of forward digit span ranges from 0 to 16. Score of backward digit span ranges from 0 to 14. Higher scores indicate better executive function. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Event-related potential - N2 | Measure event-related potential through electroencephalography under single-task and dual-task paradigm. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Event-related potential - P300 | Measure event-related potential through electroencephalography under single-task and dual-task paradigm. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Go/Nogo test | Behavioral test during measuring electroencephalography. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Trail making test | Trail making test contain part A and part B. Faster completing the test indicates better executive function. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ranges from 0 to 30. Higher scores reflect better cognitive performances. |
| Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Timed up and go test | Record time of performing timed up and go test | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| Parkinson Disease Questionnaire | Parkinson Disease Questionnaire assess quality of life in people with Parkinson disease. Lower scores reflect higher quality of life. | Before and after 8 weeks of intervention, as well as 4 weeks after intervention |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |