The aim of this study is to test whether it is possible in principle to determine defective vision using light field technology. The measurements with this first prototype will be compared with the results of the conventional method for subjective refraction determination and those using a phoropter (Vision R-800 phoropter).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Minimum age of 18 years
• Best corrected visual acuity ≥ 0.8 (logMAR ≤ 0.1).
• Dioptric range for hypermetropia: ≤ +4.50 D.
• Dioptric range for myopia: ≥ -6.50 D.
• Dioptric range for cylinder: ≤ -2.00 D.
• Good general health, i.e.no systemic disease such as diabetes or rheumatism which could influence ocular health
• No ocular pathology or history of (intra)ocular surgery except for cataract surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Contact lens wear during the days of visit

  • Binocular vision problems (e.g. amblyopia, strabismus).
  • Inability to follow the procedures of the investigation, such as language problems, psychological disorders and dementia

healthy adults with refractive error